本研究使用酚醛樹脂、紅銅粉及紅銅纖維製作磨擦材料，藉由改變碳化溫度及銅粉與銅纖維的相對含量，探討纖維含量對銅/酚醛樹脂基半金屬磨擦材料機械及磨潤性質的影響。研究結果概述如下：
實驗結果發現， 機械性質方面，抗壓強度及硬度隨著銅纖維含量增加而下降。
磨潤性質方面，各類試片磨耗後的平均磨擦係數相距不大，約介於0.294與0.34之間，且碳化C2試片有最高的平均磨擦係數；各試片的磨擦溫度，隨著碳化溫度及銅纖維含量增加，各類試片磨擦溫度上升，且銅纖維含量影響較大。磨耗損失方面，隨著碳化溫度及銅纖維含量增加，磨耗損失降低。表面粗糙度方面，各類試片磨耗後的表面粗糙度會隨著碳化溫度及銅纖維含量增加而增加。
再現性磨耗測試，可觀察出各類試片磨擦係數與磨擦次數維持穩定，且隨著碳化溫度增加及銅纖維含量減少，各類試片平均磨擦係數有增加之趨勢。磨耗損失方面，隨著碳化溫度降低及銅纖維含量增加，磨耗量有增加之趨勢。

In this research, we used phenolic resin, copper powder, and copper fiber to manufacture friction material. By changing carbonization temperature and the relative content of copper powder and copper fiber, we understood the effects of carbonization temperature and copper fiber content on mechanical and tribological properties of copper/phenolic resin-based semi-metallic friction material. The results are as follows:
The results of mechanical properties of materials show that compressive strength and hardness decrease with increasing carbonization temperature and fiber conten.
Materials show little difference of average friction coefficient, about lying between 0.294 and 0.34, and carbonization C2 materials show the highest average friction coefficient. The friction temperature increases with increasing carbonization temperature and fiber content, but the fiber cotent shows large effective. Wear loss decrease when carbonization temperature and fiber content increases. Surface roughness increases with increasing carbonization temperature and fiber content.
In repeatable wear test,it shows that all specimens of average friction coefficient be stable. The average friction coefficient increases when carbonization temperature increases and fiber content decreases. Wear loss decreases when carbonization temperature increases and fiber content decreases.

ASME B46.1. Surface texture, surface roughness, waviness and lay
ASTM D695-96. Standard test method for compressive properties of rigid plastics, 1996
Bear E., Moet A., Aglan H., High performance polymers :structure, properties, composites, fibers, Oxford University Press, New York, p14-p16, 1991
Bijwe J., Composites as friction materials: Recent developments in non-asbestos fiber reinforced friction materials - a review, Polymer Composites 18:378-396, 1997
Bijwe J., Rattan R., Fahim M., Abrasive wear performance of carbon fabric reinforced polyetherimide composites: Influence of content and orientation of fabric, Tribology International 40:844-854, 2007
Bono C.M., Levine R.G., Rao J.P. Behrens F.F., Nonarticular proximal tibia fractures: Treatment options and decision making, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 9:176-186, 2001
Burchell T.D., Carbon materials for advanced technologies, Pergamon, New York, p434, 1999
Burris D.L. and Sawyer W.G., A low friction and ultra low wear rate PEEK/PTFE composite, Wear 261:410-418, 2006
Chang L., Zhang Z., Ye L., Friedrich K., Tribological properties of high temperature resistant polymer composites with fine particles, Tribology International 40:1170-1178, 2007

Cho M.H., Ju J., Kim S.J., Jang H., Tribological properties of solid lubricants (graphite, Sb2S3, MoS2) for automotive brake friction materials, Wear 260:855-860, 2006
Cho M.H., Kim S.J., Basch R.H., Fash J.W., Jang H., Tribological study of gray cast iron with automotive brake linings: The effect of rotor microstructure, Tribology International 36:537-545, 2003
Chi-Yuan Huang,Wen-Wei Mo,Ming-Lin Roan, Studies on the influence of double-layer electroless metal deposition on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon fiber / ABS composites, Surface and Coating Techology 184(2004) 163-169
CNS 2114, Z8003. Method of Rockwell hardness test
CNS 2472, G3038. Gray iron castings
CNS 2586, D2002. Brake linings for automobiles
CNS 7473, Z8022. Method of Rockwell superficial hardness test
CNS 8813, D3122. Method of test for brake shoe assembly of motorcycles
CNS 8814, D2129. Brake shoe assembly for motorcycles
Dorinson A. and Ludema K. C., Mechanics and chemistry in lubrication, Elsevier Science Publishing, New York, p553, 1985
Han S., Kim W.G., Yoon H.G., Moon T.J., Curing reaction of biphenyl epoxy resin with different phenolic functional hardeners, Journal of Polymer Science A: Polymer Chemistry 36:773-783, 1998
Hayashi N., Matsui A., Takahashi S., Effect of surface topography on transferred film formation in plastic and metal sliding system, Wear 225-229:329-338, 1999

Hutchings I.M., Tribology: Friction and wear of engineering materials, CRC, Boca Raton, 1992
H. Jang , K. Ko, S.J. Kim, R.H. Basch , J.W. Fash ，The effect of metal fibers on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials，Wear 256 (2004) 406–414
Jacko M.G., Rhee S.K., Brake linings and clutch facings. In Grayson M., editor. Encyclopedia of composite materials and components, Wiley: 144-154, 1983
Jang H., Ko K., Kim S.J., Basch R.H., Fash J.W., The effect of metal fibers on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials, Wear 256:406-414, 2004
Kim S.J. and Jang H., Friction and wear of friction materials containing two different phenolic resins reinforced with aramid pulp, Tribology International 33:477-484, 2000
Kim S.J., Cho M.H., Lim D.-S., Jang H., Synergistic effects of aramid pulp and potassium titanate whiskers in the automotive friction material, Wear 251:1484-1491, 2001
Kim S.J., Cho M.H., Cho K.H., Jang H., Complementary effects of solid lubricants in the automotive brake lining, Tribology International 40:15-20, 2007
Kishore, Sampathkumaran P., Seetharamu S., Thomas P., Janardhana M., A study on the effect of the type and content of filler in epoxy-glass composite system on the friction and slide wear characteristics, Wear 259:634-641, 2005
Kurt A. and Boz M., Wear behavior of organic asbestos based and bronze based powder metal brake linings, Materials and Design 26:717-721, 2005
K.M.Shorowordi,A.S.M.A.Haseeb,J.P.Celis, Velocity effects on
the wear,friction and tribochemistry of aluminum MMC sliding against phenolic brake pad，Wear256(2004)1176-1181
K.W. Hee, P. Filip, Performance of ceramic enhanced phenolic matrix brake lining materials for automotive brake linings, Wear 259 (2005) 1088–1096
Lee H.G., Hwang H.Y., Lee D.G., Effect of wear debris on the tribological characteristics of carbon fiber epoxy composites, Wear 261:453-459, 2006
Louis B.Newman,F, Friction Materials Recent Advances
Mandal D., Dutta B.K., Panigrahi S.C., Wear and friction of stir cast aluminum-base short steel fiber reinforced composites, Wear 257:654-664, 2004
Mutlu I., Oner C., Findik F., Boric acid effect in phenolic composites on tribological properties in brake linings, Materials and Design 28:480-487, 2007
Min Hyung Cho, Seong Jin Kim, Daehwan Kim, Ho Jang，Effects of ingredients on tribological characteristics of a brake lining: an experimental case study，Wear 258 (2005) 1682–1687
Ozturk B., Arslan F., Ozturk S., Hot wear properties of ceramic and basalt fiber reinforced hybrid friction materials, Tribology International 40:37-48, 2007

Shorowordi K.M., Haseeb A.S.M.A., Celis J.P., Velocity effects on the wear, friction and tribochemistry of aluminum MMC sliding against phenolic brake pad, Wear 256:1176-1181, 2004
Shorowordi K.M., Haseeb A.S.M.A., Celis J.P., Tribo-surface characteristics of Al-B4C and Al-SiC composites worn under different contact pressures, Wear 261:634-641, 2006
Stachowiak G.W., Wear:materials, mechanisms, and practice, Wiley, Chichester, p12, 2005
Seong Jin Kim, Ho Jang，Friction and wear of friction materials containing two different phenolic resins reinforced with aramid pulp，Tribology International 33 (2000) 477–484
Shaoyang Zhang，Fuping Wang，Comparison of friction and wear performances of brake material dry sliding against two aluminum matrix composites reinforced with differnt SiC particles，Journal of Materials Processing Technology 182(2007)122-127
Shinn-Shyong Tzeng，Fa-Yen Chang，Electrical resistivity of electroless nickel coated carbon fibers，Thin Solid Films 388 (2001) 143-149
Shinn-Shyong Tzeng，Fa-Yen Chang，EMI shielding effectiveness of metal-coated carbon fiber-reinforced ABS composites，Materials science and Engineering A302(2001)258-267

S.J. Kim, M.H. Cho, D.-S. Lim, H. Jang, Synergistic effects of aramid pulp and potassium titanate whiskers in the automotive friction material, Wear 251 (2001) 1484–1491
V.A.Bely,A.I.Sviridenok,M.I.Petrokovets,V.G.Savkin, Friction and wear in polymer-based materials
Wu J.Y., Zhou Y.C., Wang J.Y., Tribological behavior of Ti2SnC particulate reinforced copper matrix composites, Materials Science and Engineering A 422:266-271, 2006
Eovolak and bismaleimide for resin-transfer molding, J Appl Polym Sci(83):1651-1657, 2002
Xiang Xiong , Jie Chen, Pingping Yao, Shipeng Li, Baiyun Huang, Friction and wear behaviors and mechanisms of Fe and SiO2 in Cu-based P/M friction materials, Wear 262 (2007) 1182–1186
Yi G. and Yan F., Mechanical and tribological properties of phenolic resin-based friction composites filled with several inorganic fillers, Wear 262:121-129, 2007
Yuji H. and Takahisa K., Effects of Cu powder, BaSO4 and cashew dust on the wear and friction characteristics of automotive brake pads, Tribology Transactions 39(2):346-353, 1996
Y.S. Zhang, Z. Han, K. Wang, K. Lu, Friction and wear behaviors of nanocrystalline surface layer of pure copper, Wear 260 (2006) 942–948
Zum Gahr K.H., Microstructure and wear of materials, Elsevier, New York, 1987.

Limpert, 高維山譯，煞車系統設計及安全性，科技圖書，台北市，民國93年
馬振基，高分子複合材料，國立編譯館，台北市，民國95年
李育德，高分子導論，黎明書店，新竹，民國76年
何淑靜，銅/酚醛樹脂基半金屬磨擦材料磨潤性質研究，國立成功大學材料科學及工程學系，台南市，民國93年
許明發，郭文雄，熱塑性複合材料，黎明書店，新竹，民國93年
行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所，煞車來令業勞工石棉暴露防治研究，台北，民國85年
陽春欽，磨潤學原理與應用，科技圖書股份有限公司，台北市，民國75年
曲在綱，黃月初，粉末冶金摩擦材料
周森，複合材料－奈米‧生物科技，全威圖書有限公司