一般的「噴井」是指在鑽井過程中，地層流體因無法受到控制，而由井口或附近地表噴流出來的現象。但文獻中很少研究在石油或天然氣的生產過程中，地層流體流動因無法被控制所造成的噴井漏氣量，而噴井漏氣量的估算卻為計算氣田之證實總可採蘊藏量所必須。因此，本研究的目的是利用透過油層工程方法，研究生產井噴井之前、後，井底及地層的壓力變化行為，並提出噴井漏氣量之估算方法。
本研究推導出含有漏氣量之物質平衡方程式，根據該方程式所得的 p/z（地層壓力除以天然氣偏差因子）對累積生產量的作圖，可以解釋生產井在生產期間(含噴井時期)的壓力變化行為，並由噴井前及噴井後之壓力的變化趨勢線之平移量，以及根據方程式中的漏氣項可以同時估算噴井漏氣量。另外，也可使用數值模擬法，在經歷史調諧過程中假設各種可能之漏氣量，以使得計算所得之鄰近之井壓（或產水量）與觀測井壓相吻合，而求得漏氣量。除了將上述物質平衡法及數值模擬法用於分析台灣中部的K氣田中的K-140生產井之噴井資料外，亦分別採用干擾試驗、產能評估與產量分析等三種方法，以估算K-140井之噴井漏氣量。其間所得之結果相近。因此，本研究成功利用油層工程方法中之數值模擬法、物質平衡與干擾試驗法，分析天然氣井噴井時之壓力行為，建立估算噴井漏氣量之正確、簡單且快速的方法，可供爾後估算生產井噴井漏氣量之用。

“Blowout” generally refers to the inability to control the flow of formation fluid during a drilling period. But the blowout phenomenon from a gas production well has rarely been discussed in the prior literature. The amount of blowout gas is an essential part of production in reserve estimation and such amount should be determined. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use reservoir engineering methods to investigate the behavior of bottom-hole and formation pressure before and after the blowout, and to estimate the amount of blowout gas from a production well.
This study derived a gas material balance equation including gas production and blowout gas loss. Based on the equation, the p/z (formation pressure divided by gas deviation factor) versus cumulative production plot (or the p/z plot) was utilized to explain the reservoir pressure behavior during gas production with or without any gas blowout. The gas blowout term in the material balance equation was also utilized to estimate the amount of blowout gas. And the p/z plot was further used to estimate the amount of blowout gas from examining the shift of two parallel data regression lines, corresponding to data before and after the blowout.
The above techniques were used for analyzing blowout data from the K-140 production well located in central Taiwan. Reservoir simulation study was also used to estimate gas loss by matching calculated bottom-hole pressures and measured bottom-hole pressures. In addition to the numerical simulation and material balance methods, some of reservoir engineering methods, such as the interference test, production potential evaluation and production analysis, were also utilized to estimate the gas loss of the K-140 blowout. The results from these various techniques and methods were very close.
Overall, the study successfully utilized the numerical simulation, material balance and interference test methods to analyze the pressure behavior of blowout well. A correct, simple, and fast method for blowout gas estimation was established and may be repeated for future production blowout studies. If there is insufficient data for a numerical simulation, the material balance method or interference test method may also lead to a credible result.

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