| 研究生: |
劉怡欣 Liu, Yi-Hsin |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
夏季都市步行空間陰影設計與評估-以台南中正商圈為例 The Design Strategies And Assessment Methods of Pedestrian Areas during Summer - A Study of Chung Cheng Commercial Area |
| 指導教授: |
謝俊民
Hsieh, Chun-Ming |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 都市計劃學系 Department of Urban Planning |
| 論文出版年: | 2010 |
| 畢業學年度: | 98 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 82 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 熱環境 、陰影 、平均輻射溫度MRT 、人體熱舒適指標SET* 、都市設計 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Thermal Environment, Shading, MRT (Mean Radient Temperature), SET* (Standard Effective Temperature), Urban Design |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:86 下載:7 |
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人口的成長造成都市發展規模的持續擴張、人工材質與排熱量增加,使都市熱島現象日漸嚴重,也因此改善都市熱島的議題備受重視,相關的討論與因應對策隨之提出。在改善都市熱島的手法中,陰影的增加在改善人體感官的熱舒適(Thermal Comfort)有很大的助益。事故本研究以改善「溫熱環境」的觀點,以陰影降低平均輻射溫度的原理,增加戶外步行空間陰影的覆蓋,藉以改善人體熱舒適品質。選定台南中正商圈做為研究區域,運用CFD模擬軟體熱解析功能進行研究區域的夏季期間現況陰影模擬,並以「陰影堆疊地圖」分析陰影在各時段內時間及空間的分布變化。本研究並根據陰影堆疊的圖建立「陰影覆蓋比率評估法」及「熱舒適指標評估法」評估現況陰影分布情形。其中「陰影覆蓋比率評估法」包含評估時間連續性的「權重評分法」及空間連續性的「無陰影評分法」;「熱舒適指標評估法」則以人體熱舒適指標SET*評估熱舒適的改善。
本研究進一步提出戶外步行空間的短期及長期陰影設計策略與建議。短期策略部分,本研究提出陰影設計策略有二:「策略一:建築遮棚架設」及「策略二:行道樹配置」,長期策略則提出研究區域適宜的路段建物平均高度,並有所建立的評估法加以評估之。短期策略的評估結果為,遮棚能明顯改善東西向路段以及中午時段的陰影分布,並可改善熱舒適約0.32℃SET*;行道樹的設置能改善現況無陰影產生的步行空間,並以中午、下午時段改善較為明顯,熱舒適則有0.12~0.41℃SET*的改善,並建議研究區域-台南中正商圈以遮棚架設及行道樹選定中喬木樹種為佳。長期策略路段建物平均高度,建議南北向臨40m寬道路須達4層樓以上,9m寬到道路東側建物須達4~6樓,西側5~6樓;東西向9m寬道路需達5~6樓為佳。
本研究從現況模擬與分析、評估法建立到策略的提出,皆能為實務上所應用,其中策略的內容為根據台南市區位及氣候條件提出,因此可做為台南市戶外陰影設計的建議,而評估方法及策略的建立過程則可為其他地區所應用。
The issue which urban warming resulted from UHI (Urban heat island) has been taken into account in these years because of the population growing, artificial meterials, and heat exhausting. The discussions and coping strategies were also put forward. The increase of shaded area was regarded as one of the most efficient strategies to improve the thermal comfort by human scale.Because the shading could decrease mean radiant temperature, the shade cover area was important outdoor. The focus area was Chung Cheng Commercial Area - a typical business district in Tainan. This study simulated the shaded area of the pedestrian space in focus area during the daytime in summer from 8:00 to 17:00 by CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) models. This study also made the “shade maps of cumulative hours” according the simulation results and anaylsis the shaded area in time and in space. Two assessment methods to estimate the improvement of the shade design strategies were proposed. One methods was the “ shade covers rate” which estimates the improvement of both strategies and both continuity in time and in space. The other was “ thermal comfort index SET*” which assessed the improvement of human comfort.
Both short-term and long-term shade design strategies for pedestrian space were established in this study. The strategy 1 was “setting of building shelters”, and strategy 2 was “arrangement street trees”. This study concluded that the strategy 1 could improve the shade cover in pedestrian space in the east-western street sections and during the noon period in all street sections. The strategy 2 could improve the no shaded place in current focus area, and improve the shade cover during both noon and afternoon periods. Both strategies could improve the thermal comfort, after adopting strategy 1, the “shaded movement” decreased about 0.32℃SET*, and strategy 2 decreased 0.12~0.41℃SET*.
The long-term shade design strategies suggested the average height of buildings each street section. The average height of buildings front the north-southern, 40m-wide steets shold be over 4 floors high, and 9m-wide ones should built 4~6 floors on east side and 5~6 floors on west side. The average height of buildings front the east-western, 9m-wide steets should be during 5~6 floors high.
The strategies and the assessment methods in this study were applied to Tainan. However, according to the results of this study, the assessment methods and the establishment ways of strategis could be used in else area.
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