過去許多研究皆顯示了運動員的認知功能表現較非運動員好。更有甚者，近期有研究指出運動員與非運動員的認知表現差異會受到運動型態的影響。然而，是否運動型態與認知功能表現之間的關聯性，會在不同的認知範疇上有所差異仍有待探究。因此，本研究目的於探討運動型態及認知作業型態之間的關聯性，並以行為及認知電生理方法探討其心理歷程及神經機制。本研究招募18至25歲的年輕人，並依據運動訓練經驗將其區分為開放式(n = 18)、封閉式(n = 18)及非運動員組(n = 18)，所有參與者皆以漸速有氧耐力跑(PACER)進行心肺適能測驗。認知功能測驗則是以不同型態的認知作業(視覺空間注意力導引及側向抑制作業)探討不同運動型態對認知效益的特殊性效果，並於測驗行為表現時同步紀錄腦電波活動。研究結果主要發現：在行為表現方面，在兩種認知作業中，開放式運動員組的反應時間皆顯著地較非運動員組快，然而封閉式運動員組則與其他兩之間組沒有明顯的差異。另外，腦電波結果顯示，在視覺空間注意力導引測驗中，開放式運動員的P3振幅比非運動員大(p = .064)，而在P3潛時則發現了顯著地較封閉式及非運動員快。在側向抑制作業中則主要發現開放式運動員的P3振幅較非運動員大。然而，潛時方面則沒有發現任何組間效果。本研究的結果說明長期參與開放式運動訓練之年輕男性，在視覺空間注意力導引和側向抑制功能有較佳的行為及電生理活動表現，然而我們並沒有發現從事封閉式運動的年輕男性在這些認知功能上的優勢，因此本研究並沒有證實不同運動型態與認知作業型態之間的特殊關聯性。雖然本研究從行為和事件相關電位之研究證據發現了不同運動型態之年輕男性的認知功能表現差異，然而有關運動型態對認知功能之特殊性效益，可能須再從不同認知範疇的角度切入。

SUMMARY
Many researches demonstrated that athletes have better cognition performance compared to non-athletes. However, it remains unclear of the relationship between sport type and cognition task specificity. 54 male undergraduate and graduate students were recruited and separated to open-skill, close-skill and control group. EEG data was collected simultaneously when participants doing Posner cueing task and Eriksen flanker task. Result show that open-skill group had better performance in both tasks than control group, but there were no differences between close-skill and control group. In sum, young male adults trained in open-skill sport type may possess greater visuo-spatial attention and attentive inhibition. In this study, we did not found cognitive superiority in those who practicing close-skill sport type.

Keywords: cognition, sport type, event-related potential

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