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研究生: 李玠泓
Li, Chieh-Hong
論文名稱: 結合擴增實境技術之實物影像與三維模型匹配技術
Matching 3-Dimensional Model to Image with Augmented Reality Technology
指導教授: 方晶晶
Fang, Jing-Jing
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 87
中文關鍵詞: 擴增實境標籤辨識影像匹配旋轉角度匹配
外文關鍵詞: Augmented Reality, Marker Recognition, Pattern recognition, Rotation- angle matching
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  • 本研究研究以擴增實境技術為基礎,利用ARToolKit與OpenGL函式庫進行影像與模型匹配程式編寫,並針對AR標籤辨識與編碼流程,設計簡易的標籤製作與登錄程式。最後以比較角度匹配演算法與標籤對位之穩定度,並考慮可能造成誤差之因素。
    整體對位研究流程可概分為個四個部分。第一部分包含了基本的環境參數測試,將針對可能干擾分析結果的環境因素進行評估,並設計輔助辨識用尺規標籤。第二部分為以元件影像與三維模型的初步對位為主,建立投影座標系與限制條件,取得參考座標與尺寸比例。第三部分為使用影像處理技術,取得被攝物元件影像之位置與輪廓特徵,並對輪廓進行編碼與正規化。最後一部分則是利用標籤座標平面與邊界盒作為拘束條件進行模型的初步置位,並對模型進行各旋轉角度之輪廓特徵擷取,作為角度匹配之參考依據,並針對初始標籤座標建立時可能的誤差,進行位置與角度之修正,完成精確匹配

    This study shows a way for matching 3-dimensional model to real object’s image with Augmented Reality technology, and made the system with ARToolkit and OpenGL database. We also design a simple registration and create program for AR marker. At last we compare different rotation-angle-matching methods and the stability of marker-matching system, and also consider all of the possibilities for inaccuracy.
    The full process of this study could be separate to four parts. The first part is about environment parameters test, consider all of the odds to interference the result, and also design the ruler or marker as the additional assistance. The second part is initialize the projection matrix and constrain, decided the 3D coordinates and the scale. The third part is to get the object location and outline characteristics by image processing techniques, than encode and normalize the outline. The last part is to locate the model with the constrain from object’s bounding box and the surface of marker coordinates, than rotated the model to get rotation characteristics for rotation-angle matching. Finally fixed the error form Marker-Coordinates by position and rotation adjusting

    目錄 摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 V 目錄 VII 表目錄 XI 圖目錄 XII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 3 1.2 研究動機與目的 4 1.3 本文結構 6 第二章 相關文獻 7 2.1 圖訊識別 7 2.1.1 影像分析 9 2.1.2 標籤辨識 11 2.2 擴增實境 13 2.2.1 AR標籤辨識 14 2.2.2 座標系對應關係 16 2.2.3 一般運用範圍 18 第三章 系統架構 21 3.1 系統流程 21 3.2 基本拍攝要求 27 第四章 研究方法 29 4.1 擴增實境技術 29 4.1.1 標籤製作 29 4.1.2 標籤辨識讀取 36 4.2 影像特徵擷取 36 4.2.1 影像處理 37 4.2.2 輪廓編碼正規化 41 4.3 模型初對位 44 4.3.1 標籤座標系建立 44 4.3.2 模型置位 45 4.3.3 輪廓特徵擷取 46 4.4 特徵匹配次對位 49 4.4.1 輪廓函式正規化與縮小匹配區間 49 4.4.2 模型旋轉之輪廓變化 52 4.4.3 輪廓外形相似度比較 54 4.4.4 輪廓函式差異性比較 55 4.5 匹配收斂 56 4.5.1 匹配差異修正 56 4.5.2 像素差異驗證 57 第五章 研究成果 60 5.1 實物試驗 60 5.2 匹配結果 63 第六章 結果分析 70 6.1 匹配結果分析 70 6.1.1 角度匹配試驗結果 70 6.1.2 匹配方法分析 71 6.2 誤差修正與匹配穩定度結果 72 6.2.1 誤差修正試驗結果 72 6.2.2 匹配穩定度分析 73 6.3 匹配精度分析 74 6.3.1 匹配精度試驗結果 74 6.3.2 匹配精度分析 74 第七章 結論與未來展望 77 7.1 結論 77 7.2 討論 78 7.3 未來展望 81 參考文獻 84

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