The Zhuoshui River delivers 51.10 Mt/d of sediment, which is the maximum sediment yield, to the river mouth and surrounding areas. The Mailiao Port's navigation channel, located in the south of the Zhuoshui River, has a daily dredging volume of 18,797 m3/d. The erosion and deposition between the Zhuoshui River mouth and Mailiao Port are challenging to be investigated, particularly during a typhoon in the summer and low river discharge conditions in the winter. This present study aimed to understand the process of river plumes at the land-sea boundary system during Typhoon Kalmaegi-induced high river discharge to assess a possible source of generating morphological change in the Mailiao Port's navigation channel. The mechanisms and effects that dominantly control the transport of sediment particles at the Zhuoshui River mouth and adjacent to the Mailiao Port were also investigated. Two numerical models named Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) and NearCom-TVD 10.0 were used to simulate the scenarios. Model results demonstrate that the mechanisms of sediment transport processes were influenced mainly by river discharge, sediment grain distributions, tidal currents, Coriolis force, and extreme weather conditions. During a typhoon in the summer, the simulated model indicates that the transport processes of river plumes toward the offshore area were interrupted by intensive tidal currents. Because of the Coriolis force and river flow, the river plume moved northward or deposited surrounding the river mouth. Tidal currents modulated the sediment resuspension in the inner shelf. The residual tidal circulations transported the river plume southward and shoreward to the Mailiao Port's navigation channel and port basin south of the river mouth. The port siltation most likely occurs during the winter, when wave-driven longshore currents carry a substantial sediment volume from the river mouth, primarily from the north towards the south. The deposited sediment in the port's northern area was further transported to the port basin or navigation channel, generating siltation.

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