目的：本研究主是第一篇同時結合行為、神經電生理與生化表現來澄清有氧適能、急性有氧運動與執行控制功能關係的研究。方法：將54位受測者分為高低有氧適能族群與控制組，每位受測者在30分鐘急性中等強度有氧運動或是休息狀態前後接受作業轉換派典與抽血，並將行為、電生理與血液生化結果作分析。結果：在轉換成本分析中， P3潛時與正確率不受急性運動或有氧適能的影響，而運動後，高有氧適能受測者P3振幅較低有氧適能受測者高，三組受測者，運動後，反應時間皆較運動前快；在混合成本分析中，P3振幅與正確率不受急性運動或有氧適能的影響，運動後，高有氧適能與低有氧適能受測者反應時間皆變快，但只有高有氧適能受測者P3潛時顯著變快。運動後高低有氧適能受測者brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)較運動前升高，BDNF在運動前後的改變與認知表現的改變是沒有相關的。結論：急性有氧運動使得執行控制功能變得更有效率，特別是針對高有氧適能受測者，而BDNF隨著急性運動而增加，似乎是調控急性有氧運動造成認知表現改變的因子之一。

Objective: In this study, we provided the first experimental evidence integrating behavioral, neurophysiological, and biochemical data to clarify the association among aerobic fitness, acute aerobic exercise, and executive control function. Methods: Fifty-four young male adults were classified into higher-, lower-aerobic fitness, and control groups. Each participant performed a task switching paradigm before and after a 30-min session of acute moderate exercise or resting session while the behavioral data, electrophysiological indices, and blood samples were collected and analyzed. Results: In the switch cost analysis, the results did not show any effects from acute exercise or the level of aerobic fitness on P3 latency and accurate rate. However, RT was faster in all groups, P3 amplitude was greater for the higher- than the lower-aerobic fitness participants in the post-exercise session. In the mixing cost analysis, although P3 amplitude and accuracy were not affected by acute exercise or aerobic fitness, RT was shorter in the exercise intervention groups. P3 latency was also shortened due to the exercise intervention in the higher-aerobic fitness group not in the lower-aerobic fitness group. Serum BDNF was increased in two exercise intervention groups, such changes were not correlated with the changes in cognitive performance. Conclusion: Acute aerobic exercise can lead to more efficient executive function especially in the higher aerobic fitness adults. BDNF levels were elevated in response to acute exercise and may be a candidate that influences cognitive performance following acute exercise.

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