在阿拉伯芥的光合作用研究中循環性電子傳遞系統(Cyclic electron transport )有兩條獨立的路徑，分別為Ndh-dependent pathway和Pgr5-mediated pathway，由於一般種子植物的葉綠體基因組具有11個Ndh基因，但是在台灣阿嬤蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana)葉綠體基因體內卻缺少3個Ndh (NdhA、F和H)基因，且其他8個Ndh基因為偽基因。由於演化過程，大部分葉綠體基因已轉移至細胞核，因此本研究探討蝴蝶蘭葉綠體基因體所遺失的功能性Ndh基因是否轉移至核中，藉由細胞核來表現其基因的功能。在研究發現，雖然蝴蝶蘭核基因體具有Ndh DNA片段，但無法偵測到Ndh基因的表現，也無蛋白質的活性存在。因而推測蝴蝶蘭中並無Ndh-dependent的循環式電子傳遞鏈之存在維持。為探討Pgr5-mediated pathway的存在，已由蝴蝶蘭選殖並定序Pgr5序列全長，並得知蝴蝶蘭細胞核基因體中具有2~3個copies的Pgr5基因存在，另外，觀察到Pgr5基因在葉片組織的表現較高。進一步利用病毒誘導靜默抑制蝴蝶蘭中Pgr5基因的表現，發現蝴蝶蘭生長及外表性狀並無顯著差異。將再進一步探討循環式電子傳遞的狀況。

The photosynthetic cyclic electron transport chains in Arabidopsis are consist of two pathways, one is Ndh-dependent, and the other is Pgr5-mediated pathways. The chloroplast genomes of angiosperm usually encode 11 subunits of NADH dehydrogenase complex. However, the chloroplast genome of Phalaenopsis aphrodite lost 3 Ndh (NdhA, F and H ) genes, and the other 8 Ndh genes are non-functional pseudogenes. In this study, we investigate the cyclic electron transport chains in P. aphrodite. Since chloroplast genes were frequently transfer to nucleus during evolution, we hypothesized that the functional copy of lost plastid Ndh genes might already have been transferred to nuclear genome, and after transcription and translation, the polypeptides were imported back to chloroplast. Although the Ndh gene fragments could be identified by Southern blot and PCR in the nuclear genomes, the Ndh transcripts could not be detected by Northern blot and RT-PCR. In addition, the activity of NADH dehydrogenase could not be identified in the chloroplasts of P. aphrodite. Therefore, the Ndh-dependent cyclic electron transport chain probably is not functional in P. aphrodite. In contrast, the Pgr5 gene of P. aphrodite was cloned, and 2~3 gene copies were present in the nuclear genome as revealed by Southern blot. Moreover, the leaves of P. aphrodite have higher level of Pgr5 transcripts than roots and flower as demonstrated by Northern blot and RT-PCR. This study suggests that only PGR5-mediated pathway is involved in the cyclic electron transport chain in P. aphrodite. The expression of endogenous Pgr5 gene was inhibited by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method. However, no significant growth or phenotypic effects was observed. The cyclic electron transport chain of PGR5-mediated pathway will be further studied by chlorophyll fluorescence in the near future.

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