本論文藉由結合量子環境及單光子的特性設計出了使用單光子之三方輕量化量子金鑰分配協定及非對稱式量子安全協定。而在現行大部分的文獻中，量子金鑰分配協定中使用者的部分都會需要量子能力中的其中三種，而本論文將只使用到其中兩種量子能力且不包含重新排序的環境稱之為”輕量化環境”，明顯地在這樣的環境下使用者對量子設備的需求可以降低，也因此在這樣的環境要求下所使用的量子金鑰分配協定將更容易運用在實際環境中，之後本論文結合此環境和單光子的特性提出三方的量子金鑰分配協定。起初本論文先將第三方從產生糾纏光子改成產生單光子，發現仍然可以安全地執行金鑰分發，爾後本論文更進一步降低第三方的量測能力，讓它只能量測單光子，最後便能在只使用單光子的情況下做到金鑰分配。除此之外本論文還去研究非對稱式量子環境，提出了非對稱式量子金鑰分享及私密分享，使量子協定更為靈活、更能應用於不同環境

This thesis designs two semi-quantum inspired mediated quantum key distribution (SQIL-MQKD) protocols and two semi-quantum inspired asymmetric protocols using single photons. For more lightweight and practical application, we propose a lightweight mediated QKD protocol which allows two participants to share a secret key with the assistance of an untrusted Third-Party (TP). In this protocol, the participants are only allowed to do two simple quantum operations on qubits and TP only needs to use single photons as quantum resource. Furthermore, we use the attributes of the single photon to reduce the quantum capability of the untrusted TP and propose a limited resource mediated QKD protocol using single photons. In this protocol, the cost of the quantum devices for participants and TP can be reduced a lot.
Besides, for more practical applications, a semi-quantum inspired lightweight mediated asymmetric quantum key distribution (SQIL-MAQKD) protocol with two participants having different quantum capabilities is proposed. Then, we extend the concept of SQIL-MAQKD protocol to propose a semi-quantum inspired lightweight asymmetric secret sharing (SQIL-AQSS) protocol that can let a secret holder distribute his/her secret shadows to several participants.

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