背景：隨著科技發展與變遷，民眾日常生活傾向坐式的生活型態。許多文獻指出指出創造支持性環境是提升居民運動的重要策略。然而，台灣過去相關研究以社區環境為焦點的研究甚少。因此，本研究目的為：(1)了解台南市居民的運動行為。(2)探討客觀與主觀社區環境對居民運動行為的影響。(3)分析有運動者與沒有運動者，以及有規律運動者與沒有規律運動者的運動環境差異。(4)找出不同運動種類的環境特性。
方法：研究對象為居住於台南市年滿20至69歲的居民。客觀社區環境資料取自成大健康城市研究中心在2004年收集一份二手資料，包括各里的運動設施與空間及運動休閒組織。而主觀資料乃由本研究於2006年12月，透過電話訪問收集到804位成人的主觀資料，包括住家附近的運動設施、運動風氣、是否參與運動組織，及運動行為，藉以檢定社區環境、運動組織與運動行為之間的相關性。
結果：台南市居民最近一個月以來有規律運動佔34.5%，有運動但沒規律佔28.6%，沒有運動的居民有36.9%。各區及各里的居民運動行為並無顯著差異，且社區各項客觀環境與居民運動行為亦未達到顯著差異。而主觀環境的部份，邏輯式迴歸分析發現控制社會人口變項之影響後，自覺運動休閒設施數量、運動風氣以及是否參與運動組織與居民運動行為有關。而是否有規律運動的主要影響因素為運動組織的參與情形。不同運動種類的環境影響因素各異，住家附近的運動休閒設施為居民從事各類運動的重要影響因子。
結論：主觀社區環境與居民運動行為之間具有強烈的相關性。健康的支持性環境包括物理環境與社會環境。都市規劃在均衡硬體發展之餘，也應加強如何凝聚人與人之間的社會網絡，以促進居民從事規律運動。
關鍵字：運動行為、社區環境、運動組織

Background： With the development and improvement of technology, people intend to have sedentary lifestyles. Many studies have indicated that supportive environment is the major strategy to promote exercise behaviors. However, previous researches in Taiwan have hardly focused on the issue of the community environment factors. Therefore, purposes of this research are firstly, to understand the exercise behaviors of residents in Tainan; secondly, to explore the relations of objective and perceived community environments on residents’ exercise behavior; thirdly, to analyze the different environment factors from people who exercises or not and who have regular exercises or not; and finally, to find the environmental characteristics of various kinds of exercise behaviors.

Methods：Subjects were who aged 20~69 years old living in Tainan city. Objective community environment measures was retrieved from a secondary dataset, which collected community exercise resources and organizations in every neighborhood by Healthy City Research Center of NCKU in 2004. Perceived environment was surveyed by telephone in Dec 2006, which interviewed 804 adults including recreational facilities near home, climate of exercise , joining exercise organizations and exercise behavior. Associations were examined between community environments and exercise behavior.
Results：34.5% of the residents in Tainan have regular exercise, 28.6% have exercise but not regular, and 36.9% do not exercise in the last month,. Exercise behaviors were not related to the districts or the neighborhoods; and objective environments were not associated with exercise behaviors. In perceived environments, after adjusting social demographic factors, logistic regression analysis showed that exercise behaviors were significantly associated with perceived recreational facilities, climate of exercise and participation in exercise organizations. The major environment factor affecting regular exercise behavior was whether joined the exercise organizations or not. The environment factors of various kinds of exercises were different, and recreational facilities near home were the most influential factors.
Conclusion：Perceived community environments were strongly associated with residents’ exercise behaviors. Healthy supportive environments include physical and social environment. As constructing hardware environments in urban planning, one should also focus on interpersonal social network to promote citizen to have regular exercises.

Keywords：Exercise Behavior, Community Environment, Exercise Organization

Addy, C. L., Wilson, D. K., Kirtland, K. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Sharpe, P., & Kimsey, D. (2004). Associations of perceived social and physical environmental supports with physical activity and walking behavior. American Journal of Public Health, 94(3), 440-443.
Booth, M. L., Owen, N., Bauman, A., Clavisi, O., & Leslie, E. (2000). Social cognitive and perceived environment influences associated with physical activity in older Australians. Preventive Medicine, 31, 15-22.
Brownson, R. C., Boehmer, T. K., & Luke, D. A. (2005). Declining rates of physical activity in the United States: what are the contributors? Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 421-443.
Brownson, R. C., Chang, J. J., Eyler, A. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Kirtland, K. A., Saelens, B. E., et al. (2004). Measuring the environment for friendliness toward physical activity: a comparison of the reliability of 3 questionnaires. American Journal of Public Health, 94(3), 473-483.
CDC. (1999). Neighborhood safety and the prevalence of physical inactivity-selected states,1996. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 48, 143-146.
Duncan, M. J., Spence, J. C., & Mummery, W. K. (2005). Perceived Environment and Physical Activity: A Meta-Analysis of Selected Environmental Characteristics. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2(11), 1-9.
Dunn, A. L., Marcus, B. H., Kampert, J. B., Garcia, M. E., Kohl, H. W., & Blair, S. N. (1999). Comparison of Lifestyle and Structured Interventions to Increase Physical Activity and Cardorespiratory Fitness. A Randomized Trial. JAMA, 281(4), 327-334.
Ewing, R. (2005). Can the physical environment determine physical activity levels? Exercise & Sport Sciences Reviews, 33(2), 69-75.
Eyler, A. A., Matson-Koffman, D., Young, D. R., Wilcox, S., Wilbur, J., Thompson, J. L., et al. (2003). Quantitative study of correlates of physical activity in women from diverse racial/ethnic groups: The Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project--summary and conclusions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(3 Suppl 1), 93-103.
Frank, L. D., Schmid, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Chapman, J., & Saelens, B. E. (2005). Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: findings from SMARTRAQ. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2 Suppl 2), 117-125.
Giles-Corti, B., & Donovanb, R. J. (2002). The relative influence of individual,social and physical environment determinants of physical activity. Social Science & Medicine, 54, 1793–1812.
Giles-Corti, B., Timperio, A., Bull, F., & Pikora, T. (2005). Understanding physical activity environmental correlates: increased specificity for ecological models. Exercise & Sport Sciences Reviews, 33(4), 175-181.
Gordon, P. M., Zizzi, s. J., & Pauline, J. (2004). Use of a Community Trail Among New and Habitual Exercisers: A Preliminary Assessment. Prementing Chronic Disease, 1(4).
Hoehner, C. M., Brennan Ramirez, L. K., Elliott, M. B., Handy, S. L., & Brownson, R. C. (2005). Perceived and objective environmental measures and physical activity among urban adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2 Suppl 2), 105-116.
Humpel, N., Owen, N., & Leslie, E. (2002). Environmental Factors Associated with Adults’Participation in Physical Activity A Review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(3), 188–199.
Jorm, A. F. (2005). Social networks and health: it's time for an intervention trial. Jornal Epidemiol Community Health, 59, 537-538.
King, W. C., Brach, J. S., Belle, S., Killingsworth, R., Fenton, M., & Kriska, A. M. (2003). The Relationship Between Convenience of Destinations and Walking Levels in Older Women. American Journal of Health Promotion, 8(1), 74–82.
Kirtland, K. A., Porter, D. E., Addy, C. L., Neet, M. J., Williams, J. E., Sharpe, P. A., et al. (2003). Environmental measures of physical activity supports: perception versus reality. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24(4), 323-331.
Lawlor, D., Ness, A. R., & Cope, A. M. (2003). The challenges of evaluating environmental interventions to increase population levels of physical activity: the case of the UK National Cycle Network. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 57, 96-101.
Leslie, E., Owen, N., Salmon, J., Bauman, A., Sallis, J. F., & Lo, S. K. (2002). Insufficienttly active Australian college students: perceived personal, social, and environmental invluences. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(12), 1996-2001

Lesliea, E., Saelensb, B., Frankc, L., Owena, N., Baumand, A., Coffeee, N., et al. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in objectively different neighbourhoods: a pilot study. Health & Place, 11, 227–236.
McNeilla, L. H., Kreuterb, M. W., & Subramanian, S. V. (2006). Social environment and physical activity: A review of concepts and evidence. Social science&Medicine, 63, 1011-1022.
Owen, N., Humpel, N., Leslie, E., Bauman, A., & Sallis, J. F. (2004). Understanding environmental influences on walking; Review and research agenda. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(1), 67-76.
Pikora, T. J., Giles-Corti, B., Knuiman, M. W., Bull, F. C., Jamrozik, K., & Donovan, R. J. (2006). Neighborhood environmental factors correlated with walking near home: Using SPACES. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(4), 708-714.
Pretty, J., Peacock, J., Sellens, M., & Griffin, M. (2005). The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15(5), 319-337.
Rtten, A., Abel, T., Kannas, L., von Lengerke, T., Lschen, G., Rodrguez Diaz, J. A., et al. (2001). Self reported physical activity, public health, and perceived environment: results from a comparative European study. Jornal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, 139-146.
Ready, A. E., Naimark, B. J., Tate, R., & Boreskie, S. L. (2005). Fitness centre membership is related to healthy behaviours. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness 45(2), 199-207.
Rutt, C. D., & Coleman, K. J. (2005). Examining the relationships among built environment, physical activity, and body mass index in El Paso, TX. Preventive Medicine, 40(6), 831-841.
Sallis, J. F., Bauman, A., & Pratt, M. (1998). Environmental and Policy Interventions to Promote Physical Activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 379-397.
Sallis, J. F., Cervero, R. B., Ascher, W., Henderson, K. A., Kraft, M. K., & Kerr, J. (2006). An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annual Review of Public Health, 27, 297-322.
Speck, B. J., & Harrell, J. S. (2003). Maintaining regular physical activity in women: evidence to date. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 18(4), 282-291; quiz 292-283.
Stahla, T., Rutten, A., Nutbeam, D., Bauman, A., Kannas, L., Abel, T., et al. (2001). The importance of the social environment for physically active lifestyle-results from an international study. Social Science and Medicine, 52, 1-10.
Troped, P. J., Saunders, R. P., Pate, R. R., Reininger, B., Ureda, J. R., & Thompson, S. J. (2001). Associations between Self-Reported and Objective Physical Environmental Factors and Use of a Community Rail-Trail. Preventive Medicine, 191–200, 32, 191–200.
Trost, S. G., Owen, N., Bauman, A. E., Sallis, J. F., & Brown, W. (2002). Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: review and update. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(12), 1996-2001.
US DHHS, U. D. o. H. a. H. S. (1996). Physical Activity and Health: Areport of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: USDepartment of Health and Human Services,Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Canter for Chronic Disease Control andPrevention and Health Promotion: US Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Canter for Chronic Disease Control andPrevention and Health Promotion.
USDHHS. (1996). Physical Activity and Health: Areport of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Canter for Chronic Disease Control andPrevention and Health Promotion.
WHO. (1991). Third International Conference on Health Promotion, Sundsvall. Paper presented at the International Conference on Health Promotion.
WHO. (1998). Health Promotion Glossary. 2004, from http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp-glossary_en.pdf
WHO. (2002). The World Health Report 2002 Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life: World Health Oragnization.
WHO. (2004). WHA: Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health.
WHO. (2005). Benefits of physical activity. from http://www.who.int/moveforhealth/advocacy/information_sheets/benefits/en/index.html
Young, D. R., & Stewart, K. J. (2006). A Church-based Physical Activity Intervention for African American Women. Family & Community, 29(2), 103-117.
Young, D. R., & Voorhees, C. C. (2003). Personal, social, and environmental correlates of physical activity in urban African-American women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(3 Suppl 1), 38-44.
行政院衛生署. (2005). 台灣地區2010年衛生指標白皮書. Retrieved. from.
林麗娟. (2005). 九十四年度運動團體介入社區推展健康體能工作模式之研究 。BHP-94034。 (委外研究計畫成果報告): 衛生署國民健康局.
洪升呈. (2005). 身體活動對老年人心理健康的影響. 大專體育, 78, 153-157.
國民健康局. (2002). 台灣地區國民健康促進知識、態度與行為調查 衛生署國民健康局.
陳俊忠, 陳麗華, & 劉影梅. (2000). 台灣地區人民身體活動與心臟血管危險因子及其相關影響因素之研究. 台北: 美兆診所合作研究計畫報告.
劉影梅. (2004). 國際身體活動量表台灣中文版之發展與信效度驗證 博士學位論文: 國立台灣大學醫學院護理研究所.
論壇健康促進與疾病預防委員會 (Ed.). (2001). 身體活動與兒童青少年肥胖: 財團法人國家衛生研究院.