本研究計畫以骨骼形態學方法分析臺南三抱竹南遺址牛稠子文化鎖港期之人類骨骼遺留，研究聚焦於骨骼粗壯度指標（Robusticity Index）的計算與肌肉骨骼壓力標記（Musculoskeletal Stress Markers）評分，並以此推測過去人群可能的日常活動，比較族群內部的性別差異，嘗試進一步重建當時社會的生業活動與性別分工模式。
　　三抱竹南遺址位於臺南市善化區，年代涵蓋範圍約為距今4800至4200年前（邱水金、朱正宜 2018），應處於大坌坑文化菓葉期（粗繩紋陶）轉為牛稠子文化鎖港期（細繩紋陶）的過渡期，出土遺物顯示該遺址文化與臺南的南關里和南關里東遺址粗繩紋陶文化時期具有高度同質性與延續性。從豐富的生態遺留中可見當時人群的生業方式涵蓋採集、狩獵與農作，並和澎湖群島保持密切往來，推測可能有航海的能力（邱水金、朱正宜 2018）。
　　本研究旨在透過骨骼形態學方法計算骨骼粗壯度以及對肌肉使用情況進行評分，並結合出土生態遺留和文化遺物進行分析，探討該遺址人群的生業活動類型，推測生業活動中可能具有的性別分工模式。透過本研究的深入探討，能夠揭示當時社會在面對環境變遷與資源利用策略上的適應與轉變，對理解臺南地區早期人類社會的發展脈絡具有重要意義，為未來相關研究提供參考。

This research project employs osteo morphological methods to analyze human skeletal remains from the Sanbaozhunan site in Tainan, dating to the Sogang period of the Niuchouzi Culture. By observing Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM) and measuring the skeletal robusticity index, this study aims to infer the daily activities of past populations and compare sexual differences within the group, ultimately attempting to reconstruct the subsistence activities and sexual division of labor in that society.
　　The Sanbaozhunan site is located in Shan-Hua District, Tainan City, covering a period from approximately 4,200 to 4,800 years ago (邱水金、朱正宜 2018), corresponding to the transition from the Dabenkeng Culture (with coarse cord-marked pottery) to the Niuchouzi Culture (with fine cord-marked pottery). The unearthed artifacts show continuity and similarity with the Nanguanli and Nanguanli East sites in Tainan during the coarse cord-marked pottery period. The rich ecological remains indicate subsistence methods such as agriculture, hunting, and gathering and suggest possible seafaring capabilities with close connections to the Penghu Islands (邱水金、朱正宜 2018).
　　This study aims to analyze muscle use patterns and the robustness of bones through osteological methods, correlating these findings with the unearthed subsistence tools to explore the possible activities of the site's inhabitants and infer the potential sexual division of labor in their subsistence activities.
　　The in-depth exploration of this study can reveal how society adapted and transformed in response to environmental changes and resource utilization strategies. Understanding the developmental trajectory of early human societies in Tainan is of significant importance, providing relevant information for future research.

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