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研究生： 駱澤
Lo, Tse
論文名稱： 藍相液晶彈性體薄膜之光致動彎曲研究與應用
Study on photobending of blue phase liquid crystal elastomer films and their applications
指導教授： 李佳榮
Lee, Chia-Rong
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 光電科學與工程學系
Department of Photonics
論文出版年： 2024
畢業學年度： 112
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 116
中文關鍵詞： 藍相液晶 、液晶彈性體 、偶氮苯 、光致異構化 、薄膜仿生應用
外文關鍵詞： blue phase liquid crystal, liquid crystal elastomer, blue phase elastomer, azobenzene, photoisomerization, biomimetic
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    • 本研究專注於製作和探討可光致動彎曲的藍相液晶彈性體薄膜，並深入分析其 形變機制。實驗首先透過偏光顯微鏡、反射頻譜和科索圖的量測，確定藍相的存在 範圍及其相態種類，進而選取特定溫度進行光聚合反應製作藍相液晶彈性體薄膜。 摻混偶氮苯材料的藍相液晶彈性體薄膜一經紫外光照射，分子的排列方式及晶格間 距將由於偶氮苯分子由長棒狀變為彎曲狀而受到影響，導致晶格膨脹。但薄膜彎曲 與否，須取決於薄膜頂面和底面間的晶格常數是否存在差異，而這與聚合時所選的 溫度息息相關。透過穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察，發現聚合於不同溫度的薄膜內部結構 具有顯著差異。聚合於 55.6 ℃的薄膜，各區域的晶格均勻，紫外光照射下不會發生 彎曲。聚合於 54.7 ℃下的薄膜，其頂面和底面的晶格大小存在明顯差異，導致在紫 外光照射下產生不均勻的膨脹，因而使薄膜彎曲形變，且此時薄膜的彎曲方向與光 源方向無關。此外，光強度和照射時間對彎曲角度有顯著影響，光強度越大，薄膜 彎曲速度越快且穩定的角度越大，最多可達到80度的大幅彎曲，且過程僅需十秒。 實驗的最後演示了一種仿生設計，模仿含羞草在外部刺激下的閉合反應，展示其在 智能材料和仿生機械領域的應用潛力。

    This study focuses on the fabrication of blue phase liquid crystal elastomer (BPLCE) films and the investigation of the photoactuated bending of the film, with an in-depth analysis of the deformation mechanism. Initially, the existence range and phase types of the blue phase were determined using polarized optical microscopy, reflection spectra, and Kossel diagram measurements. Subsequently, three specific temperatures of 54.7°C and 55.6 °C where the slopes of the BPLC reflection peak wavelength with temperature are respectively positive, zero and negative were selected for photopolymerization to prepare BPLCE films, and their photobending properties were studied and compared. Experimental results show that the photobending of the film is attributed to the difference in lattice constants of the upper and lower layers of the film after the photopolymerization. Films polymerized at 55.6 °C show uniform lattice regions and no bending under UV light exposure. In contrast, films polymerized at 54.7 °C exhibit a clear difference in lattice size between the upper and lower layers, resulting in nonuniform expansion and subsequent bending deformation upon UV light exposure.
    Furthermore, the bending angle is significantly influenced by the light intensity and exposure time. Higher light intensity results in faster bending speeds and a larger final bending angle, reaching 80° in just 10 seconds. This study finally demonstrates a bionic design that mimics the closing/opening response of Mimosa pudica with/without external stimulation, demonstrating the potential application of BPLCE films in smart materials and bionic machinery. This research provides valuable insights for the development of new smart materials based on BPLCEs.

    摘要 I 參考文獻 XII 誌謝 XIV 目錄 XV 圖目錄 XVIII 表目錄 XXIV 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 液晶介紹 3 2.1 液晶起源 3 2.2 液晶的分類 4 2.2.1 溶致型液晶 4 2.2.2 熱致型液晶 5 2.3 液晶物理特性 10 2.3.1 光學異向性(雙折射性) 11 2.3.2 介電異向性 14 2.3.3 溫度對液晶的影響 17 2.3.4 連續彈性體理論 18 第三章 藍相液晶 20 3.1 藍相液晶簡介 20 3.2 藍相液晶之結構與理論 21 3.2.1 雙扭圓柱體 21 3.2.2 藍相液晶之缺陷理論 22 3.3 藍相液晶之光學特性 24 3.3.1 選擇性布拉格反射特性 24 3.3.2 科索圖案 26 3.3.3 藍相液晶之光學均向性 29 3.3.4 電場引致克爾效應 30 3.3.5 藍相液晶之外加電場效應 31 3.4 聚合物穩固藍相液晶 33 第四章 液晶高分子與偶氮苯材料 35 4.1 液晶高分子材料 35 4.1.1 線性液晶聚合物 35 4.1.2 液晶高分子網絡 37 4.1.3 液晶彈性體 38 4.1.4 玻璃轉化溫度 39 4.2 高分子聚合反應 40 4.2.1 逐步增長聚合 40 4.2.2 鏈增長聚合 41 4.3 偶氮苯材料 43 4.3.1 光致變色效應 43 4.4 摻有偶氮苯材料之液晶彈性體 48 4.4.1 光致形變液晶彈性體薄膜之形變效應 48 4.4.2 液晶彈性體薄膜光致動器之應用 49 第五章 樣品製作與實驗架設 55 5.1 實驗材料介紹 55 5.1.1 液晶高分子單體 55 5.1.2 液晶交聯劑 56 5.1.3 手性分子交聯劑 56 5.1.4 偶氮苯交聯劑 57 5.1.5 光起始劑 58 5.2 實驗樣品和薄膜製備 58 5.2.1 玻璃清潔與配向 58 5.2.2 製備玻璃空樣品 60 5.2.3 藍相液晶彈性體薄膜製備 61 5.2.4 TEM試片製備 62 5.3 實驗光路架設 63 5.3.1 偏光顯微影像觀察與反射頻譜量測之光路架設 63 5.3.2 Kossel diagram量測之光路架設 64 5.3.3 藍相液晶薄膜樣品製備之光聚合光路架設 64 第六章 實驗結果與討論 65 6.1 藍相液晶單體樣品 65 6.2 藍相液晶彈性體薄膜之基本性質和光響應 68 6.2.1 光學性質 68 6.2.2 光引致藍相彈性體薄膜彎曲形變70 6.2.3 藍相彈性體薄膜回復可逆響應 73 6.3 藍相液晶彈性體薄膜光響應結果之探討 74 6.3.1 溫控平台造成之溫度差 74 6.3.2 藍相彈性體薄膜之微觀結構與彎曲機制探討 76 6.4 藍相彈性體薄膜之仿生應用 82 第七章 結論與未來展望 84 參考文獻 85

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