背景：從酒癮患者併有焦慮症、焦慮患者併有酒癮、家族性研究及流行病學研究，四種不同角度的研究結果皆顯示，酒癮與焦慮症的高共病性是存在的。學者對此高共病性成因的看法，大多採取因果關係的解釋模式。也就是，焦慮症引發日後的酒癮現象，或是酒癮引發日後的焦慮症狀。因此，對某些焦慮症患者而言，其日後會罹患酒癮，必定與其先前已罹患的焦慮症有關。至於，是因為何種機制的運作，使得部分焦慮症患者日後出現酒精依賴的現象，這是本研究所欲探討的主題。
社會學習理論對人類各項行為形成的看法，一直受到學者的重視。長久以來，社會學習理論中的酒精效果預期、拒酒自我效能及壓力因應方式三因素，為研究飲酒行為的學者採用來剖析該行為形成的原因。研究結果證實此三因素確實與個體飲酒行為的發生、持續有關。因此，本研究目的是，採用社會學習理論中的酒精效果預期、拒酒自我效能及壓力因應方式三因素，來剖析焦慮症患者日後出現酒癮現象的成因。
方法：依據DSM-IV的診斷準則，並採用半結構式診斷晤談將受試者分為三組：焦慮合併酒癮組31名、焦慮組27名及正常控制組57名。其中，焦慮合併酒癮組個案符合焦慮症早發於酒癮之條件，焦慮組個案符合罹患焦慮症但無物質使用問題之條件。至於，正常控制組個案需符合無任何精神疾病史的條件。在診斷晤談後，三組受試者皆進行酒精預期量表（Alcohol Expectancy Scale, AES）、情境信心問卷（Situational Confidence Questionnaire, SCQ）及壓力因應量表（Stress Coping Checklist, SCC）三量表的施測。
結果：在酒精預期量表部分，焦慮合併酒癮患者於正向預期量表及其下七分量表的得分，明顯高於焦慮症患者及正常控制組個案。在負向預期量表及其下六分量表上，三組受試者的得分並無明顯的差異。在情境信心問卷部分，不論是個人內高危險情境拒酒自我效能 (內含五分量表)；或是人際間高危險情境拒酒自我效能，(內含三分量表)，焦慮合併酒癮患者的得分一致性地低於焦慮症患者及正常控制組。在壓力因應量表部分，焦慮合併酒癮患者於逃避/情緒取向壓力因應方式分量表的得分明顯高於焦慮症患者及正常控制組。至於，在認知再建構/問題取向式因應方式及尋求社會支持式因應方式二分量表上，三組受試者的得分並無明顯的差異。此外，在同時考量酒精效果預期、拒酒自我效能及壓力因應方式三因素的情況下，區別分析的結果顯示，正向酒精效果預期、拒酒自我效能及逃避/情緒取向式壓力因應方式，可區分焦慮合併酒癮與焦慮症二類患者；而逃避/情緒取向式壓力因應方式，則可區分焦慮與正常控制二組受試者。
結論：與焦慮症患者、正常人相較，焦慮合併酒癮患者對酒精正向效果具有更高的預期，同時在特定情境下拒絕喝酒的信心程度明顯不足，並且更偏好使用逃避/情緒取向方式來因應壓力。本研究的結果證實，可從社會學習理論來解釋焦慮與酒癮的共病機制。

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