在一貫作業煉鋼製程中，高爐鐵水中的碳元素在降溫時會因為過飽和而析出凝析石墨(KG)。凝析石墨為尚未大量開發的潛在石墨資源，為了拓展凝析石墨的應用及價值，從高爐集塵灰中富集凝析石墨，並透過純化技術提升石墨含量後，以化學氧化插層法將石墨製備成石墨層間化合物(GIC)，再藉由高溫熱處 理及微波處理使其形成凝析膨脹石墨(KG-EG)，並利用燃料油吸附試驗，期能將資源效益發揮至最大化。
由基本特性分析結果顯示，凝析石墨與天然石墨(NG)之石墨含量很接近，說明凝析石墨具有製備成凝析膨脹石墨的潛力。在實驗過程中，本研究使用兩種方法對其進行化學氧化插層處理，第一種為傳統的方法，以硫酸(H2SO4)為插層劑，硝酸(HNO3)為氧化劑進行處理。實驗結果表明，當氧化劑過多時，石墨邊緣被過度氧化，插層物不容易留在石墨層間而逸出。而插層劑過多時，在化學反應過程中，不利於石墨被均勻氧化。所以當液固比為10:1時，液體和固體有很好的融合，使凝析石墨層間化合物重量加重，KG-EG膨脹體積變大。而在後續實驗中，使用固定液固比即10：1進行其他實驗參數之探討，當反應溫度為70 °C，反應時間為30 min時，凝析石墨層間化合物(KG-GIC)重量達到最高，KG-EG膨脹體積達到最大為65.4 mL/g。
第二種通過添加輔助氧化劑，改進實驗效果，亦稱之為硫系氧化插層法。選擇的藥劑為過硫酸銨((NH4)2S2O4)，因為過硫酸銨良好的化學特性和環境友善性，將其添加到酸性混合溶液中充當輔助氧化劑。在實驗過程中，通過改變反應時間、反應溫度、(NH4)2S2O4之添加量等實驗反應條件，以探討影響KG-EG膨脹體積之因素。
在液固比為10:1的條件下，且過硫酸銨的添加量為0.1 g~1 g時，隨著過硫酸銨量的增加，KG-GIC重量開始逐步加重。當過硫酸銨的添加達到2 g時，KG-GIC重量下降。因此過硫酸銨的量為1 g時，KG-GIC重量達到最高，KG-EG之膨脹體積達到最大。在後續探討有關溫度和時間對KG-GIC及KG-EG的影響中發現，隨著溫度的降低，KG-GIC逐漸加重，KG-EG之膨脹體積增大。通過一系列參數探討，得知本研究中KG-EG的較佳條件為液固比為10:1，反應溫度為20 °C，反應時間為30 min，過硫酸銨的量為1 g，最終凝析膨脹石墨之膨脹體積可達202.7 mL/g。
將凝析膨脹石墨應用於燃料油吸附的試驗中，在吸附時間為15 min，便可達57.11 g/g，在模擬海洋環境的吸附試驗中表現其優良的疏水性且吸附容量達33.71 g/g。並且在探討凝析膨脹石墨之重複使用效率中，凝析膨脹石墨僅2 min，便可脫附原吸附量中80.49 %的燃料油。雖然在第一次脫附後，硫系凝析膨脹石墨之吸附容量大幅度下降，但經過第2~5次脫附，凝析膨脹石墨之吸附容量未有較大之變化，因此其在重複使用效率上相對穩定、高效。
綜合而言，通過化學氧化插層法能成功將凝析石墨製備成具有使用價值之膨脹凝析石墨，實現了資源永續循環之理念。

In the steelmaking process, the carbon element in the molten iron of a blast furnace precipitates kish graphite (KG) due to supersaturation when the temperature gets lower. The aim of this study is to expand the application and value of kish graphite. In this study, the expanded graphite (EG) is produced by a chemical oxidation intercalation process, then it is used to adsorb fuel oil. In this study, compared with the traditional preparation method such as using sulfuric acid and nitric acid, adding 1g of ammonium persulfate (APS) can reduce the ratio of sulfuric acid to nitric acid from 24 (ml) : 6 (ml) to 8 (ml) : 2 (ml), and for temperature, it would reduce from 70 °C to 20 °C. The final expansion volume of kish expanded graphite (KG-EG) increased from 79.0 ml/g to 202.7 ml/g, and the surface area increased from 29.9 m2/g to 66.9 m2/g. In the experiment of adsorbing fuel oil by condensing expanded graphite, the adsorption time is 15 min, with an absorption capacity of 57.11 g/g reached. Due to its excellent hydrophobicity, the adsorption capacity of kish expanded graphite reached 33.71 g/g in the adsorption test that simulates a marine environment, and it is relatively stable and efficient in terms of repeated use efficiency.

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