台灣水庫優養化嚴重，水源水質的優養化常伴隨著藻類及藍綠菌的增生，藻類大量滋生不僅造成環境的汙染，更衍生出其他重要的飲用水問題，如臭味物質及消毒副產物問題，本研究將針對這兩種問題進行探討。
亞硝基胺類(N-Nitrosamines)、尤其是亞硝基二甲胺(N-nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA)具有高度致癌風險，且常出現於飲用水、水環境、及啤酒中，近年來廣泛受到注意。傳統上分析亞硝基胺類，因要求偵測極限低，除常用固相萃取法(solid phase extraction, SPE)前濃縮處理外，尚須配合液相或氣相層析串聯質譜儀，進行分析分析。通常使用水量大、且須長時間前處理。本研究探討開發簡易分析方法以分析飲用水以及啤酒的多種亞硝基胺類，並應用開發之方法，調查台灣多處飲用水及多種啤酒中亞硝基胺類濃度，以掌握該類污染物之分布現況。
本研究以固相微萃取(Solid-phase micro extraction, SPME)，搭配化學游離氣相質譜(PCI/GC/MS)分析，以氨氣為反應氣體，分析包括七種常見亞硝基胺類(NDMA, NDEA, NMEA, NDPA, NDBA, NPyr 及NPip)。研究結果顯示，本研究在85°C的溫度下，SPME萃取60 mins後，進在GC注入口熱脫附(4 mins)，可以有效進行偵測，七種亞硝基胺類之方法偵測介於0.12-0.79ng-L-1間。研究中並對台灣10座水廠清水、及10種市售啤酒進行樣品分析，結果顯示，台灣水廠中，除金門濃度達10.2 ng-L-1外，其餘水廠濃度均低於2 ng-L-1，其中以亞硝基二甲胺(NDMA)濃度最高，但也僅達2.4 ng-L-1，整體顯示飲用水風險低。啤酒樣品分析結果顯示，亞硝基胺類濃度，較清水高出10-100倍，且NDMA濃度最高可達100 ng-L-1，但仍低於美國啤酒建議值(5,000 ng-L-1)，而Npip於啤酒中濃度較NDMA高得多範圍從4.1至5.3μg-L-1。風險評估顯示，NDMA在飲用水的致癌風險是所有亞硝基胺類最高的，平均癌症風險為6.3910-06，對於其他亞硝基胺類風險均低於10-06。對於啤酒中亞硝基胺類的致癌風險，NDMA、NDEA、NDPA和NPip在1.5010-5至4.6210-4範圍內，而其他亞硝胺基胺類的風險要低得多。目前啤酒尚未有關於NPip的信息，也沒有關於NDEA及NDMA較新的資訊，因此這些調查數據可用於日後亞硝胺類的危害性評估參考。
臭味物質2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB)是飲用水源中最常見的揮發化合物之一。由於2-MIB可以被生物降解，如果需要分析在採樣後不立即分析處理，通常需要用保存劑，氯化汞常被用於當成保存劑使用。由於氯化汞具有毒性，所以需要更為便宜、以及毒性更小的替代化學品。本研究中探討應用水處理過程中常用的兩種化學物質，次氯酸鈉及高錳酸鉀，作為2-MIB在水中保存之保存劑的可行性。保存實驗首先在加有2-MIB的去離子水中進行，並分別在4°C與25°C下進行14天的對照組實驗，實驗組以次氯酸鈉與高錳酸鉀作為保存劑進行相同實驗。結果顯示，在所有測試條件下，添加了兩種化學品的水樣中2-MIB濃度在14天內幾乎保持不變，顯示氧化和揮發不會導致系統中2-MIB的損失。進一步將兩種氧化劑應用於三種不同的水庫水樣進行2-MIB保存實驗。實驗結果顯示，由於在天然水中形成二氧化錳顆粒並將2-MIB吸附到顆粒上，因此用高錳酸鹽保存可能低估了樣品中的2-MIB濃度。相對地，由於2-MIB受氯氧化比率可以忽略，且可以抑制2-MIB被生物降解，若能在水中維持0.5 mg-L-1的餘氯濃度，氯可以當成天然水中2-MIB的良好保存劑。

Occurrence and risk related to nitrosamines, a group of carcinogenic compounds found in some drinking waters and beers, are studied. An analytical method using a solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) along with gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) was developed to determine seven N-nitrosamines in drinking water and beer, including N-nitrosomethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyr), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip), and N-nitrosodinbutylamine (NDBA). The analysis can be completed in 70 mins, and only a 4 mL sample is required, with a detection limit of 0.1 to 0.8 ng-L-1 for the seven nitrosamines in water and 6 to 15.7 ng-L-1 in beer. The method was applied to analyze water samples collected from 10 reservoirs and their associated drinking water treatment plants in Taiwan and 10 beer samples from 6 brands with factories located in 6 countries. In the drinking water samples, all seven N-nitrosamines were detected, with NDMA having the highest level at 10.2 ng-L-1. In the beer samples, NDMA was detected at much lower concentrations (0.12 to 0.23 μg-L-1) than the 5 μg-L-1 US standard, while NPip was detected at much higher concentrations (4.1 to 5.3 μg-L-1) compared to NDMA. The risk assessment indicates that the risk associated with NDMA is the highest among the studied N-nitrosamines in Taiwan’s drinking water, with an average cancer risk of 6.3910-6. For other nitrosamines, the risks are all below 10-6. For the risks associated with N-nitrosamines in beer, NDMA, NDEA, NDPA, and NPip are in the range of 1.5010-5 to 4.6210-4, while that for other nitrosamines are much lower. As for beer, no information for NPip and no modern information for NDEA and NDPA have previously been available, and more studies about nitrosamines in beer are suggested for better estimation and control of the risks associated with consumption of beer.
2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is one of the most commonly observed taste and odor (T&O) compounds present in drinking water sources. As it is biodegradable, a preservation agent, typically mercury chloride, is needed if the water is not analyzed right after sampling. Since mercury is a toxic metal, an alternative chemical that is cheaper and less toxic is desirable. In this study, two chemicals commonly used in water treatment processes, chlorine (as sodium hypochlorite) and KMnO4 (potassium permanganate), are studied to determine their feasibility as preservation agents for 2-MIB in water. Preservation experiments were first conducted in deionized water spiked with 2-MIB and with chlorine or permanganate at 4 and 25 °C. The results indicate that 2-MIB concentrations in the water samples spiked with both chemicals remained almost constant within 14 days for all the tested conditions, suggesting that oxidation and volatilization did not cause the loss of 2-MIB in the system. The experiments were further conducted for three different reservoir water samples with 30–60 ng-L-1 of indulgent 2-MIB. The experimental results demonstrated that preservation with permanganate may have underestimated the 2-MIB concentration in the samples as a result of the formation of manganese dioxide particles in natural water and adsorption of 2-MIB onto the particles. Chlorine was demonstrated to be a good preservation agent for all three tested natural waters since oxidation of 2-MIB was negligible and biodegradation was inhibited. When the residual chlorine concentrations were controlled to be higher than 0.5 mg-L-1 on the final day (day 14) of the experiments, the concentration reduction of 2-MIB became lower than 13% at both of the tested temperatures. The results demonstrated that sodium hypochlorite can be used as an alternative preservation agent for 2-MIB in water before analysis.

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