摘要
研究背景
婚後夫妻各自面臨不同壓力，且壓力又在丈夫與妻子之間彼此交互影響，過去研究多以問卷調查法檢視個人主觀知覺的結果，並不知華人夫妻在婚姻中溝通時的情感表露是如何具體展現的，且其與壓力的關係亦未能深入探討。
研究目的
檢視夫妻各自短期/長期外在壓力、短期/長期關係壓力與情感表露對於自己與配偶之相互影響關係。
方法
採次級資料分析法，以林梅鳳教授『台灣華人夫妻的情感表露：本土化知識、方法的建構與實證研究（2）』之資料，包含夫妻外在壓力、關係壓力的主觀問卷資料，及以夫妻討論近期衝突議題過程之客觀情感表露編碼資料。採行動者與伴侶相互依賴模式（The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, APIM）分析夫妻外在壓力、關係壓力與情感表露的影響性及解釋夫妻的關係類型，並以結構方程式來驗證假設。
研究結果
本研究共納入92對社區型夫妻樣本，結果顯示在短期壓力方面，短期外在壓力對短期關係壓力的影響上，夫妻皆為正向行動者導向，且與丈夫相較，妻子的行動者效應較小；在短期關係壓力對情感表露的影響上，丈夫為負向伴侶導向效應，而妻子則為負向對偶導向效應，且夫妻雙方在負向伴侶效應上有相近影響程度。
在長期壓力影響方面，長期外在壓力對長期關係壓力的影響上，夫妻皆為正向行動者導向效應，且與丈夫相較，妻子的影響程度較小；在長期關係壓力對情感表露的影響上，丈夫為負向伴侶導向效應，而妻子則為負向對偶導向效應，且夫妻雙方在負向伴侶效應上有相近影響程度。。
亦即丈夫或妻子之關係壓力會受到自己本身外在壓力之直接影響，丈夫受影響程度高於妻子；但丈夫在此模式中不隨時間遠近而有差異，而妻子在長期時間壓力下則有較大的影響程度。另，不論時間的遠近，夫妻雙方的情感表露皆受到配偶從關係壓力而來的負向外溢影響，且妻子也同時承受自身對關係壓力知覺的負向影響，且隨時間增加其影響程度亦隨之增加。
結論
本研究為首篇檢視不同時間點的外在壓力、關係壓力與情感表露相互影響之研究，發現外在壓力對關係壓力的影響，丈夫有高於妻子的正向的行動者導向效應，但丈夫不受時間差異的影響，而妻子在長期時間壓力下則有較高的影響。而在關係壓力對情感表露的影響上，則夫妻有別，丈夫為負向伴侶導向、且隨時間增加其影響程度減少，妻子則相反。此夫妻相互影響性與瑞士夫妻樣本的研究呈現不一致結果，可能受文化與樣本特性之影響，故建議未來研究需探究夫妻特性、時間因子在關係壓力對情感表露的影響。

SUMMARY
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the interdependence of short-term/long-term external stress, short-term/long-term relationship stress, and emotional expression among husbands and wives. Secondary data analysis method was conducted. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) were adopted to analysis the data collected by professor Mei-Feng Lin’s study “Affect Expressiveness Between Taiwanese Couples: Bridging The Study of Conceptual Constructs, Methodology, and EvidenceⅡ.
A total of 92 community-based couples were included in this study. On the aspect of short-term stress, the external stress was associated with relationship stress on the way of positive actor-only pattern for both couple dyads and the wives’ actor effects were weaker than the husbands’. For the associations between short-term relationship stress and emotional expression, husbands showed the negative partner-only pattern effects while wives were the negative partner pattern effects. The influence levels of negative partner effects on husbands were similar to wives. On the aspect of long-term stress, the external stress was associated with relationship stress on the way of positive actor-only pattern effects for both couple dyads, while the influence level of effects on wives were weaker than on husbands. For the associations between long-term relationship stress and emotional expression, husbands showed the negative partner-only pattern effects while wives were the negative partner pattern effects. The influence levels of negative partner effects on husbands were similar to wives. These results might be influenced by the culture and sample differences.

利翠珊（1995）‧夫妻互動歷程之探討：以台北地區年輕丈夫妻子為歷的一項初探性研究‧本土心理學研究，（4），260–321。doi：10.6254/1995.4.260
利翠珊（1997）‧婚姻中親密關係的形成與發展‧中華心理衛生學刊，10（4），101–128。
利翠珊（2005）‧身心障礙兒童家中夫妻的壓力、付出與恩情‧中華心理衛生學刊，18（2），25–54。
利翠珊（2012）‧夫妻關係間的忍與婚姻滿意度之關連‧中華心理衛生學刊，25（3），447–475。
利翠珊、張妤玥、鄧皓引（2014）‧育兒階段夫妻工作家庭壓力調適；系統介縣的定位與轉變，中華心理衛生學刊，27（1），37-72。
利翠珊、蕭英玲（2016）‧夫妻內隱情感經驗：感恩、忍與婚姻滿意度‧本土心理學研究，（45），93–128。DOI:10.6254/2016.45.93
李城忠（2018）‧應用統計學：SPSS & AMOS範例分析完全手冊（第三版）‧新北市：新文京開發出版股份有限公司
周玉慧（2004）‧夫妻對偶互動關係‧應用心理研究，（24），63–64。
周玉慧（2005）‧回首從前、期待未來的夫妻關係研究‧應用心理研究，（25），12–13。
周玉慧、謝雨生（2009）‧夫妻間支持授受及其影響‧中華心理衛生學刊，51（2），215–234。DOI： 10.6129/CJP.2009.5102.05
陳芳茹、柯澍馨（1999）‧中國傳統家庭觀念再世代間差異之研究，國立空中大學生活科學系生活科學學報，5，75-90。
陳富美、利翠珊 （2004a）‧不同情感組型夫妻在家事分工上的差異：對偶資料的分析，應用心理研究，（24），95–115。
陳富美、利翠珊 （2004b）‧夫妻的育兒經驗：親職分工與共親職的探討，中華心理衛生學刊，17（4），1–28‧doi：10.30074/cjmh.200412.0001。
陸洛、張妤玥（2015）‧主管支持、工作對家庭增益，及情緒耗竭之關聯：夫妻之行動者－伴侶互依模式，本土心理學研究，（44），73-116。DOI： 10.6254/2015.44.73
蕭英玲、利翠珊（2009）‧夫妻間的恩情與親密：簡效量表的發展‧本土心理學研究，（32），3–40。DOI： 10.6254/2009.32.3
Banmen, G., & Vogel, N. A. (1985). The relationship between marital quality and interpersonal sexual communication. Family Therapy, 12, 45 – 58.
Bodenmann G., Ledermann, T. (2007). Stress, sex, and satisfaction in marriage, Personal Relationships, 14, 551–569.
Bodenmann, G. (1995). A systemic-transactional conceptualization of stress and coping in couples. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 54, 34−49.
Bodenmann, G. (2005). Dyadic coping and its significant for marital functioning. In T. Revenson, K. Kayser, & G. Bodenmann (Eds.), Couples coping with stress: Emerging perspectives on dyadic coping (pp. 33−50). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Bodenmann, G., Leadermann, T., Blattner-Bolliger, D., & Galluzzo, C. (2006). The association between everyday stress, critical life event, and sexual dysfunction. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 494－501.
Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R. C., & Wethington, E. (1989). The contagion of stress across multiple roles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 175–183.
Carrere, S., & Gottman, J. M. (1999). Predicting divorce among newlyweds from the first three minutes of a marital conflict discussion. Fam Process, 38(3), 293–301.
Coan, J., & M. Gottman, J. (2007). The Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF).
Cook, W. L. & Kenny, D. A. (2005). The Actor–Partner Interdependence Model: A model of bidirectional effects in developmental studies. International Journal of Behavioral Development 29 (2), 101–109.
Driver, J. L., & Gottman, J. M. (2004). Daily Marital Interactions and Positive Affect During Marital Conflict Among Newlywed Couples. Family Process, 43(3), 301–314. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.00024.x
Fitzpatrick, J., Gareau, A., Lafontaine, M. F., & Gaudreau, P. (2016). How to use the actor-partner interdependence model (apim) to estimate different dyadic patterns in mplus: a step-by-step tutorial. Quant. Methods Psychol, 12, 74-86.
Geist, R. L., & Gilbert, D. G. (1996). Correlates of expressed and felt emotion during marital conflict: Satisfaction, personality, process, and outcome. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 49–60.
Gottman, J. M. (1994). What predicts divorce? The relationship between marital processes and marital outcomes. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Jackson, G. L., Trail, T. E., Kennedy, D. P., Williamson, H. C., Bradbury, T. N., & Karney, B. R. (2016). The salience and severity of relationship problems among low-income couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(1), 2–11. doi:10.1037/fam0000158
Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, method, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 3–34.
Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, method, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 3–34.
Kenny, D. A., & Ledermann, T. (2010). Detecting, measuring, and testing dyadic patterens in the actor-partner interdependence model. Journal of family psychology, 24(3), 359.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook,W. L. (2006). Dyadic data analysis. New York: The Guildford Press.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Ledermann, T., Bodenmann, G., Rudaz, M. & Bradury, T. N. (2010). Stress communication and marital quality in couple. Family Relations, 59, 195–206.
Miller, N. B., & Kannae, L. A. (1999). Predicting marital quality in Ghana. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 30, 599–615.
Neff, L. A., & Karney, B. R. (2004). How does context affect intimate relationships? Linking external stress and cognitive processes within marriage. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(2), 134–148. DOI： 10.1177 / 0146167203255984
Randall A. K., and Bodenmann G. (2017). Stress and its associations with relationship satisfaction. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13:96–106
Randall, A. K., & Bodenmann, G. (2009). The role of stress on close relationships and marital satisfaction. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(2), 105–115. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.004
Rogge, R. D., Bradbury, T. N., Hahlweg, K., Engl, J., & Thurmaier, F. (2006). Predicting marital distress and dissolution: Refining the two-factor hypothesis. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 156–159.
Rogge, R. D.,& Bradbury, T. N. (1999). Till violence does us part: The differing roles of communication and aggression in predicting adverse marital outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 340–351.
Shu, X., & Zhu, Y. (2009). The quality of life in China. Social Indicators Research, 92(2), 191-225.
Traa M. J., Vries J. D., Bodenmann G. & Oudsten B. L. D., (2015). Dyadic coping and relationship functioning in couples coping with cancer: A systematic review. British Journal of Health Psychology, 20, 85–114.
Xiao, J., Moriyama, T., Kanade, T., & Cohn, J. F. (2003). Robust full-motion recovery of head by dynamic templates and re-registration techniques. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, 13, 85–94
Xu, F., Hilpert, P., Nussbeck, F. W., & Bodenmann, G. (2016). Testing Stress and Dyadic Coping Processes in Chinese Couples. International Journal of Stress Management. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/str0000051