近年來，隨著全球能源轉型的需求不斷增加，對於電動車輛和再生能源存儲的需求也日益攀升。隨著人工智能、5G技術和物聯網的發展，進一步推動了能源使用的增長，對高能量密度儲能技術的需求也日益迫切。目前，鋰離子電池技術的能量密度提升已經接近瓶頸，因此激發了諸多後鋰離子電池技術的出現。無陽極鋰金屬電池是最高能量密度的電池型態之一，因此對其的研究是相當重要的。
為了解決無陽極鋰金屬電池中不均勻的鋰沉積所帶來的低循環壽命問題，本文選擇能在鋰金屬電池中表現出優異性能的局部化高濃度電解質進行研究。透過調整鋰鹽濃度作為實驗參數，對高、中、低三種不同濃度電解質進行了分析。實驗顯示了與文獻所預期的結果不同，中間濃度的電解質(5M LHCE)表現出了優於高濃度電解質(8M LHCE)的性能。透過XPS的分析發現，高濃度電解質的介面層產生了更多高度分解的無機成分，這些成分對介面層的穩定性不利，導致介面層不斷增厚。此外，表面分析還顯示，在高濃度電解質中溶劑分解增加，因此導致高濃度電解質中導離子的濃度隨循環逐漸減少。因此，5M LHCE不僅展現出更佳的鋰離子傳輸性質，還能促進鋰金屬的穩定循環。
在後續的測試中，電解質5M LHCE在高達4.4V的截止電壓下以0.5C的高充放電速率穩定進行無陽極鋰金屬電池的循環。經過100圈循環後，該電池仍能保持60%以上的初始容量，並且初始容量接近190 mAh g^(-1)，這顯示該電解質具備高能量密度和高功率密度。此外，在無陽極軟包電池中，該電解質能夠在0.5C的充放電速率下進行循環，在100圈後仍能保持70%以上的初始容量。

This study addressed uneven lithium deposition in anode-free lithium metal batteries by investigating localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCE). Surprisingly, the intermediate concentration electrolyte (5M LHCE) outperformed the higher concentration (8M LHCE). XPS analysis revealed that the higher-concentration electrolyte caused more decomposition in the interface layer, reducing stability and increasing thickness. Additionally, increased solvent decomposition in the higher-concentration electrolyte reduced ion conductivity with cycling. Consequently, 5M LHCE exhibited superior lithium-ion transport and stable cycling. In tests, 5M LHCE demonstrated stable cycling in an anode-free lithium metal battery at 4.4V and a 0.5C charging/discharging rate, maintaining over 60% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles, with an initial capacity close to 190 mAh g-1. In an anode-free pouch cell, it retained over 70% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at the same rate.

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