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研究生：	陳政雄 Chen, Cheng-Hsiung
論文名稱：	韌帶非線性之胸腰椎有限元素分析 A finite element study of the biomechanical behavior of the nonlinear ligamentous thoracic and lumbar spine
指導教授：	胡宣德 Hu, Hsuan-Teh
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	146
中文關鍵詞：	胸椎、腰椎、脊椎、韌帶、有限元素
外文關鍵詞：	ligament, finite element, Python, thoracic, lumbar, spine
相關次數：	點閱：66 下載：2
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查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

二十世紀末，先進的科技帶領生物力學重大的突破。其中最明顯的好處是數值分析的進步，可應用於實體的數值模擬可以得到實驗難以測量的詳細數據。
之前許多的研究在各樣的問題與領域上分析過數個FSU(功能性脊椎單元)，也得到良好的結果。然而這些結果很難整合至一個完整的脊椎模型，因為每個研究建立模型的方式差異性很大，尤其是早期的研究受限於設備只能基於理想化與簡單化之幾何。
本研究用著名的有限元素法來模擬人體胸、腰部份的脊椎(T1~L5)，並算出每個FSU之相對運動與每個椎體之最大應力。本有限模型採用獨特的半自動法從電腦斷層掃瞄建立真實的幾何人體脊椎(不包括肋骨及頸椎)，包括小面關節接觸反應及可程式化的非線性韌帶。
其數值分析的結果經過實驗數據驗證與收歛性分析。從結論來看，分析整個脊椎的可能性在本研究可得到證實。

In the late twenty century, the modern technology has led the researches of biomechanics to a great leap forward. The obvious advantages are the improvements of numerical method, which could be used for simulating the physical objects and calculating the detailed information beyond experiments.
Numerous studies have analyzed the several FSU (functional spine unit) in various issues and fields, and excellent results have been obtained. Nevertheless, their results are hardly integrated into one completed spine model due to the diverse modeling methods. Even the early study limited by facility could only base on the idealized and simplified geometric.
This study uses the notable finite element method to simulate the human spine from thoracic to lumbar (T1~L5), and investigates the relative deformation of each FSU and maximum stress of the each vertebra. This finite element model adopts the distinct semiautomatic modeling method to build the truly accurate geometrical human spine from CT scan (not including the ribs and cervical) and contains the facets contact interactions and the programmable nonlinear ligaments. The numerical results are confirmed by the validation and convergence test. In the conclusion, the feasibility of analyzing the entire spine could be verified by this study.

ABSTRACT.............................................................I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................II
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................III
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................V
TABLE OF FIGURES....................................................VI
ANNOTATIONS.........................................................IX
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................1
1. THE BRIEF REVIEW OF THE BIOMECHANICS ABOUT SPINE................1
2. OVERVIEW OF THE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY..........................1
3. OVERVIEW OF THE ANATOMY OF THE SPINE............................3
4. THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF THE SPINE.........................4
CHAPTER 2. ACKNOWLEDGES OF SPINE MODEL...............................7
1. THE INDIVIDUAL VERTEBRA.........................................7
1.1. The contact in the facet joints...............................8
1.2. The materials and properties of the bony structure...........10
2. THE INTER-VERTEBRAL DISC (IVD).................................15
3. THE SPINAL LIGAMENTS...........................................19
CHAPTER 3. MODELING THE FE SPINE....................................27
1. PREFACE........................................................27
2. THE SPECIMEN PROCESS...........................................31
3. CT PHOTOS PROCESS IN MEDICAL SOFTWARE..........................33
4. FINITE ELEMENT PRE-PROCESSOR...................................37
4.1. Import the STL files to Patran2005...........................38
4.2. Mesh-On-Mesh.................................................39
4.3. Build the elements...........................................43
4.4. Overview the components......................................46
5. THE MATERIALS..................................................48
5.1. The properties...............................................50
5.2. Boundary condition...........................................52
6. LOADING AND DISPLACEMENT PROTOCOL..............................53
7. COMPUTE THE MOTION ROTATION ANGLE..............................56
CHAPTER 4. CONVERGENCE AND VALIDATION...............................58
1. PREFACE........................................................58
2. CONVERGENCE....................................................59
2.1. Finite element models........................................59
2.2. Boundary condition in convergence test.......................61
2.3. Convergence results..........................................61
3. VALIDATION.....................................................65
CHAPTER 5. NUMERICAL RESULTS........................................70
1. INTRODUCE......................................................70
2. RESPONSE OF MOTIONS............................................71
2.1. Preload......................................................72
2.2. Extension....................................................75
2.3. Flexion......................................................79
2.4. Lateral......................................................83
2.5. Rotation.....................................................87
2.6. The motion figures...........................................91
3. VIBRATION MODES................................................96
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS..............................98
1. CONCLUSIONS....................................................98
1.1. What this study contributes..................................98
1.2. The results of analysis......................................99
2. SUGGESTIONS...................................................100
2.1. Further works...............................................100
2.2. Hardware and software of facility...........................101
REFERENCES.........................................................103
APPENDIX 1 ABAQUS INPUT FILE.......................................108
APPENDIX 2 ABAQUS USER MATERIAL SUBROUTINE “UMAT.FOR”............114
APPENDIX 3 ABAQUS PYTHON SCRIPTS FILE “GETRELATIVEROTATION.PY”...116
APPENDIX 4 LOAD SCALE VERSUS DEGREES IN VARIOUS MOTIONS............121
BIOGRAPHY..........................................................146
                                    

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校外：2007-07-03公開

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