目前臺灣地區對空氣污染造成不良妊娠結果的相關性及影響程度尚未釐清，因此本研究的目的欲探討母親於懷孕時期暴露於不同程度的空氣污染與個體發生子宮內生長遲滯以及低出生體重等不良妊娠結果的危險性。本研究對象選自2002-2003年間衛生出生體系通報系統中登記的足月活產兒(妊娠週數超過37週)，另一方面結合2001-2003年環保署空氣監測站所得之空氣污染物監測資料，以離母親居住地5英哩內的測站測值做為該個案之暴露評估值，進而分別計算個體在三個階段的妊娠期暴露於週遭的二氧化硫(SO2)、氮氧化物(NOx)、粒徑小於10微米之懸浮微粒(PM10)、臭氧(O3)、一氧化碳(CO)等五種指標污染物的平均濃度。本研究共納入471,123名研究對象，排除掉多胞胎後，初步分析結果發現母親年齡、新生兒性別、多胞胎、妊娠週期與出生體重有高度相關，在控制上述干擾因子後，以單一污染物模式進行迴歸分析發現第一妊娠期暴露於較高濃度的PM10會顯著提高低出生體重的危險性；暴露於NOX、SO2則會提高發生子宮內生長遲滯的危險性。以因素分析以濃縮彼此相關性高的空氣污染物後，發現整個懷孕孕程暴露於較高濃度的固定排放源污染物如PM10、SO2會顯著提高發生低出生體重及子宮內生長遲滯的危險性，其易感的妊娠期為懷孕初期及中期，第三妊娠期則無顯著的效應。

Birth weight has been reported associated with environmental pollutants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of low birth weight (LBW) and intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR), including maternal factors and air pollution exposure level at different trimesters of pregnancy. The study group included all full-term live (gestational age >37 weeks) births from Jan 1, 2002 to Dec 31, 2003 from medical practitioner-reported birth registry of Taiwan. Exposures to air pollutants were obtained from measurements of ambient air monitoring stations by The Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan from 2001 to 2003. Criteria air pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter ≦10μm (PM10), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) were summarized from the monitoring station nearest to the maternal residential for each trimester. A total of 471,123 live births were registered. Since multiple birth affected birth weight greatly, only singletons were included for the following analysis. Maternal age, fetal gender, gestation age were significantly associated with birth weight. After controlling for these factors, we found that exposure to PM10 during the first trimester was significantly related with the risk of LBW, and exposure to NOX and SO2 was related with the risk of IUGR from logistic regression. While applying factor analysis, the results suggest that exposure to stationary fossil fuel combustion-related air pollutants such as PM10 and SO2 during entire trimester of pregnancy interfere with weight gain in the fetus, and contribute to risks for LBW and IUGR.

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