內分泌干擾物質(endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs)又稱為環境荷爾蒙，其進入到生物體後會對內分泌系統造成干擾，因此殘留於環境中的EDCs很可能會對生態環境或人體健康造成危害。雙酚A (bisphenol A, BPA)為製造聚合性塑膠材料的一種常用原料，4-壬基酚 (4-nonylphenol, 4-NP)則主要被運用於界面活性劑之生產，然而此兩者皆屬於內分泌干擾物質，且廣泛運用於工業產品製造，故其於環境中的相關研究已逐漸受到重視。本團隊過去曾針對台南地區急水溪及鹽水溪中的BPA進行研究，檢測其存在於河川底泥及孔隙水當中的濃度，並測定底泥有機碳含量以計算BPA的有機碳-水分配係數(organic carbon-water partition coefficient, Koc)，結果顯示河水流速為BPA在有機碳與水兩相之間分配之最重要因子，急水溪因流速高，其現地Koc (13757 L/kg)遠大於文獻中的平衡Koc值(778 L/kg)，推測可能是因為BPA在採集到的孔隙水中的BPA濃度受河水稀釋所致，因此偏離平衡甚遠。然而鹽水溪因流速低，其乾季期間現地Koc為1416 L/kg，河水稀釋現象不顯著，因而其現地Koc較接近平衡值。
本研究以BPA和4-NP為探討標的，於2016年10月至2017年1月期間定期採集急水溪及鹽水溪各河段之表面水及底泥，檢測此兩種化合物於表面水、孔隙水及底泥中的含量，並利用水平震盪器分別搖晃底泥樣本不同天數 (0天、7天、14天及21天)，觀察搖晃混合是否能使目標化合物在底泥有機相與水相之間達成平衡，以瞭解影響環境中汙染物偏離文獻預測值之原因。研究結果顯示：(1)溶解性有機物(DOM)會經由搖晃過程釋出，而溶出趨勢隨搖晃的天數增加而趨緩；(2)BPA之Koc值於搖晃第0到14天會慢慢趨近於文獻Koc值，但是搖晃至21天的數據卻顯示，孔隙水中BPA的濃度明顯降低使得Koc值變大，可能為生物降解作用發生所致；(3)經過不同天數的搖晃之後，4-NP於孔隙水及底泥中的濃度並沒有大幅的變化，可能是因為4-NP的非極性較BPA大，容易累積於底泥當中而不易經由搖晃移動到水相。後續可以藉由本研究水平震盪搖晃結果推估環境樣本中雙酚A與4-壬基酚是否會因擾動而釋出，進而應用於兩種有機汙染物於現地河川的釋出風險。

Bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) are widely used as raw materials in industry to make plastics and surfactants, respectively. Both of them are recognized as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may affect the reproductive function of wildlife and human. BPA and 4-NP released to the environment were shown to accumulate in river sediment and are likely to threaten the ecosystem and human health. A previous study conducted in our group demonstrated that the in-situ organic carbon-water partition coefficients (Koc) were highly influenced by the flow rate of the rivers. The obtained in-situ Koc of Jishuei (JS) River (13757 L/kg) is much higher than the reported equilibrium Koc (778 L/kg) due to dilution effect caused by the high flow rate.
It was speculated that the equilibrium of BPA concentrations between the organic carbon and pore water can be achieved if mechanical mixing is provided. In this study, the concentrations of BPA and 4-NP in various matrices, including surface water, pore water, sediment and sediment organic carbon of two rivers in Southern Taiwan, Jishuei (JS) and Yanshuei (YS) Rivers, were quantified after mixing for different durations (0, 7, 14 and 21 days). The results showed that (1) More dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached out as the mixing time increased; (2) The in-situ Koc of BPA gradually approached to the reported equilibrium Koc from 0 to 14 days, but increased significantly after 21 days mixing, which may be attributed to the biodegradation of BPA in pore water; (3) The in-situ Koc of 4-NP did not exhibit remarkable change during the whole mixing period. Owing to the high non-polarity of 4-NP, it had higher affinity to sediment and thus was hard to leach to liquid phase through mechanical mixing. Overall, this study provides the leaching potential of BPA and 4-NP, which offers a possible approach to understand the risk of these two organic pollutants under in-situ condition. Non-polar and nonionic compounds are prone to accumulate in sediment rather than move together with water.

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