目前台灣人中老年人口比例不斷攀升，如何促進中老年人口之健康值得重視。而身體活動可維持身體機能運作，預防疾病及延緩老化，因此推廣中老年人從事身體活動確實有其重要性。近來，國外利用社會生態學做為理論，從環境及政策面切入探討身體活動之文章大量興起，也多已證明兩者間具有正向關係，而國內在此一領域相關研究尚少，針對中老年人之研究更尚未出現，因此本研究即針對中老年人，探討認知環境與其身體活動量之間的關係。
本研究以台南市東區及中西區50歲以上中老年人為對象，並以問卷調查方式進行。身體活動量量表使用老年人身體活動量表PASE(Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly)進行身體活動評估，建構環境認知量表則是參考鄰里行走環境調查問卷NEWS (Neighborhood Environment Walkability Survey)，在進行專家效度篩選題項後使用。統計方式使用獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析，皮爾森積差相關，以及多元迴歸分析檢視各變項之間關係。
結果顯示認知環境與身體活動量具有正向關係。多元迴歸分析中，人口變項以年齡、自覺健康狀況對身體活動量具有預測能力，認知建構環境變項則以住家附近環境此構面具有預測能力。本研究結果與先前研究有相同傾向，但如「服務可近性」，此一構面在國外已獲得許多研究證實具正向關係，但在本研究則否，推測或許與當地鄰里設計，及居民使用之交通方式等生活型態有關。
因此建議未來研究應針對當地之生活型態進行了解，也應針對不同鄰里設計，或交通方式等特性進行探討。另外，不同地區及不同年齡層，也有待後續研究進行探討。而縱貫性之研究也可做為未來研究方向，以探究環境與身體活動量兩者之間之因果關係。

The lack of Physical Activity (PA) is recognized as a major health concern, due to its contribution to a multiplicity of negative health outcomes. The need to increase PA is a public health priority, especially for older adults, due to the issue of aging population dramatically raising all over the world. Recently, literature on researching the factors effecting PA has started investigating from environmental and politic aspect. And the positive relationship between environment and PA level has been proved by many researches. Yet, built environmental variables have been much less studied in Taiwan, let alone in the elderly. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine whether perceived neighborhood attributes were associated with reported PA levels in Tainan older adults.
This study used a cross-sectional design and self-reported survey. Older adults’ PA levels were measured by The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and the survey of Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) was partially used to examine the perceived built environment after expert validity test. On-site surveys were send out to 400 over 50 years old subjects in Tainan city and the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson product correlation, one way ANOVA, and multiple regression to exam the relationships between demographic variables, built environment, and PA level.
The results in this study showed familiar trend as prier studies, there was a positive relation between built environment and PA level. But there was only one dimension of built environmental factor was selected to the regression model, which was within 3 demographic variables, in the end. We assumed the reasons that the other dimensions were not selected to regression model were related to the differences of land use and transportation. Therefore, future studies should take a closer look on the neighborhood design of the local area and the common way of transportation that local people used, since there is an obvious difference of urban plan and utility rate of scooter between western world and Taiwan. In addition, the use of intervention designs are needed to determine whether the environment–behavior associations that we and others have documented, are actually causal relationships.

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