資訊科技（IT）的發展影響全球脈動，隨著個人電腦與網際網路的快速發展，企業無不跟上腳步採用新科技，學術研究也持續在IT的不同階段探索。美國的IT成長階段歷經三時期，1960~1980年為資料處理時期，1980~1995年為微電腦時期，1995迄今為網路時期。台灣的IT發展過程基本上跟隨美國的腳步，但電腦的使用一般從學術研究開始，電子計算機在土木水利工程的應用也已超過30年，值得了解其發展趨勢。

本研究探討IT在土木水利工程應用及研究的演進，分析民國63~94年之「電子計算機於土木水利工程應用」研討會之1,010篇論文，將論文分成早期（63~74年）、中期（75~84年）、近期（85~94年）三個時期。首先將論文分成六個領域：結構工程、大地工程、水利工程、交通工程、測量工程、營建管理，再分成四個面向：專業內容、使用之IT工具、產品應用、生命週期，然後加以屬性內容分類，統計各屬性內容篇數多寡與變化，了解IT應用之趨勢。

結果顯示，過去30年結構論文390篇最多，占39%，其中又以靜力或動力分析233篇最多占60%，其次是營建管理論文187篇（19%），營建管理論文近十年成長144篇幅度最大。論文使用非IT工具588篇（58%），使用IT工具422篇（42%），表示發表在此研討會之論文，大半不見得直接使用電腦為工具。而測量論文41篇論文中有29篇使用IT工具，比例高於其他領域。非IT工具中，數學模式247篇與演算法176篇，超過70%，而使用IT工具論文多使用套裝軟體162篇及資料庫語言123篇，約占68%。論文探討工程的生命週期中，分析階段477篇（47%），其次設計階段270篇（27%），營建管理論文較廣分佈於各階段。

The development of information technology (IT) has affected the whole world. With the personal computer and Internet advanced quickly, enterprises have paid attentions on its changes and adopted new IT; meanwhile, research has also been studying on different IT development phases. IT development has gone through three stages in the US: data processing (1960-1980), microcomputer (1980-1995) and Internet stage (1950-now). Basically, the IT development in Taiwan has been following the US steps. The use of computer starts usually from academic research, and the computer applications in civil and hydraulic engineering has been over 30 years. Thus, it is worth examining its development.

This study investigates the evolution of IT applications on civil and hydraulic engineering research, analyzing 1,010 papers published on the proceedings of computer applications in civil and hydraulic engineering from 1974 to 2005. These papers are categorized into three stages: early (1974-1985), middle (1986-1995) and recent stages (1996-2005); and six fields: structural, geotechnical, hydraulic, transportation, surveying engineering and construction management. Meanwhile, they are further divided into four areas: discipline, IT tool, product and life cycle. Then the papers are grouped by their attributes, the numbers of papers in each category are calculated to understand the change and tendency of IT applications.

The findings we summed up that structural engineering totally had 390 (the most, about 39%) papers over the past 30 years, in which 233 papers (about 60%) on static analysis or dynamic analysis. The second largest is 187 papers on construction management (19%), which increased 144 papers in the past 10 years. There were 588 (58%) papers without using IT tools, and 422 papers (42%) using IT tools. This means papers in this conference do not necessarily use IT itself. For papers without using IT tools, 247 papers studied math model and 176 algorithm (totally over 70%). For papers using IT, 162 used software packages and 123 database language (totally 68%). In terms of the life cycle, 477 papers were in the analysis phase, the next are 270 in the design phase. Papers of the construction management were distributed widely in different phases.

【英文資料】
1.Allen, R. K., Becerik, B., Pollalis, S. N. and
Schwegler, B. R. (2005). “Promise and Barriers to
Technology Enabled and Open Project Tea Collaboration.”
Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education
and Practice, ASCE, 131 (4), October, 301-311.
2.Carr, N. G. (2003). “IT Doesn’t Matter.” Harvard
Business Review, May, 41-49.
3.Chang, A. S. and Lee, K. P. (2004). “Nature of
Construction Technology.” Proc.12th Annual Lean
Construction Conference. 3-5 Aug., Denmark.
4.Johnson, R. E. and Clayton, M. J. (1998). “The Impact
of Information Technology in Design and Construction:
The Owner’s Perspective.” Automation in Construction, 8
(1), 3-14.
5.Jones, G. R., George, J. M. and Hill, C. W. L. (2000).
Contemporary Management. 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill, N.Y.
6.Love, P. E. D., Irahi, Z., Li, H. Cheng, E. W. L. and
Tse, R. Y. C. (2001).“An Empirical Analysis of the
Barriers to Implementing E-commerce in Small-medium
Sized Construction Contractors in the State of Victoria,
Australia.” Construction Innovation, 1, 31-41.
7.Marosszeky, M., Sauer, C., Johnson, K., Karim, K. and
Yetton, P. (2000). “Information Technology in the
Building and Construction Industry: the Australian
Experience.” INCITE 2000-Implementing IT to Obtain a
Competitive Advantage in the 21st Century, The Hong Kong
Polytechnique University, Hong Kong, 183-196.
8.Milis, K. and Mercken, R. (2004). “The Use of the
Balanced Scorecard for the Evaluation of Information
and Communication Technology Projects.” International
Journal of Project Management, 22, 87-97.
9.Nolan, R. L. (1998). Information Technology Management
From 1960-2000.
10.Stewart, R. A., Mohamed, S. and Marosszeky, M. (2000).
“Linking IT Performance Measures to Decision-making
Tiers of a Construction Organization.”Proceedings of
the 4th Asia-Pacific Structural Engineering and
Construction Conference，Kuala Lumpur，Sep.，201-208
11.Stewart, R. A., Mohamed, S. and Marosszeky, M. (2001).
“Utilizing the Balanced Scorecard for IT/IS Performance
Evaluation in Construction .” Construction Innovation,
1, 147-163
12. Stewart, R. A., Mohamed, S. and Marosszeky, M. (2004).
“An Empirical Investigation into the Link between
Information Technology Implementation Barriers and
Coping Strategies in the Australian Construction
Industry.” Construction Innovation, 4, 155-171.
13.Tam, C. M. (1999). “Use of the Internet to Enhance
Construction Communication: Total Information Transfer
System.” International Journal of Project Management,
17(2), 107-111.
14.Venkatraman N. (1994). “IT-enabled Business
Transformation: Form Automation to Business Scope
Redefinition.” Sloan Management Review, Winter, 73-87.

【中文資料】
1. 營建署，產業電子化白皮書，行政院iAeB推動小組編印，2001。
2. 郭淑儀，台灣營造廠應用資訊技術在經營管理之現況研究，台灣
大學土木工程學系 碩士論文，民國九十年。
3. 邱淑華，工程顧問工作性質、機制與績效，成功大學土木工程學
系 碩士論文，民國九十一年。
4. 蔡雅雯，Construction IT Strategy，九十四年電子計算機於土
木水利工程應用研討會，台灣，民國九十四年。
5. William W. Lewis, Vincent Palmade, Baudouin Regout,
Allen P. Webb , 美國生產力的成長不在於資訊科技而在創新,
2002年第4季,麥肯錫季刊中文版。
http://www.chinese.mckinseyquarterly.com
6. Scott Robinson, Dan Lohmeyer, Sofya Pogreb, IT績效由誰負
責？ 2002年第4季, 麥肯錫季刊中文版。
http://www.chinese.mckinseyquarterly.com
7. Diana Farrell, Terra Terwilliger, Allen Webb, IT支出的正
確觀念, 2003年第2季, 麥肯錫季刊中文版。
http://www.chinese.mckinseyquarterly.com
8. Andrew Appel, Wayne Pietraszek, Amit Dhadwal, IT採購人員
如何看緊荷包, 2003年第2季, 麥肯錫季刊中文版。
http://www.chinese.mckinseyquarterly.com
9. 九十四年電子計算機於土木水利工程應用研討會，63~94年歷屆
論文集。