近年來全球分工方式與環保意識抬頭，衛浴陶瓷設備產業為因應國內勞動力市場缺工的問題，在有限資源下必須思考如何有效評估外包協力廠商採用適當的採購策略，以達到符合企業最佳營運效益。本研究目的藉由相關文獻彙整、個案研究與專家訪談方式，分析衛生陶瓷產業評估外包協力廠商之關鍵影響因素，透過AHP層級分析法之專家問卷調查與訪談後整合群體決策偏好，接著以TOPSIS理想解相對近似度排序法將群體決策偏好權重與關鍵影響因素之績效指標表現值加以合併計算，求得外包協力廠商評比模式。在個案公司實證研究與分析結果顯示，整體專家選取之評估構面優先順序為瓷器品質(0.3688)、瓷器交期(0.2174)、服務配合度(0.1567)、瓷器價格(0.1436)與產能與技術(0.1135)，依評估權重發現傳統價格構面之重要性反而比服務配合度還低，顯示外包協力廠商針對市場反應需要能更快速回覆與改善。本研究所提出AHP-TOPSIS評估模型可以輔助採購或高階管理者進行外包協力廠商評選與相關外包策略之參考，該模式的各項構面與影響因素亦可依企業營運之需求與競爭市場環境作調整，評選出最適合個案公司的協力廠商與外包採購策略，進而達到企業外包的最佳效益。

Nowadays, the industries in Taiwan has a labour scarcity problem. The enterprises need to outsource some of their products to contracted suppliers. Thus, outsourcing has become an important process for an effective purchasing strategy in the sanitary ceramics industry. This research proposes an integrated evaluation model with two methodologies, namely the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In addition, the Group Decision Making (GDM) and Performance Measures and Metrics (PMMs) for evaluating the outsourcing suppliers in the sanitary ceramics industry are also considered. We identify key vendor-selection performance factors by gathering specific data, examining case studies and conducting expert interviews.
This study developes an integrated AHP-TOPSIS methodology to aggregate individual preference weights and multi-criteria measurement values that yield outsourcing strategies tailored to the case company. Moreover, our case study results show that overall assessment weight is ceramics quality (0.3688), ceramics delivery (0.2174), service (0.1567), ceramics price (0.1436), and production technical capacity (0.1135). It is shown via the evaluation order that the price weight is lower than the service, which indicates the need for suppliers to respond more quickly to customer demands. Consequently, the AHP-TOPSIS evaluation model should not only be helpful for procurement divisions and senior managers to achieve consensus on different aspects of the vendor selection, but it also holds validity for purchasing at the tactical and strategic decision-making levels on outsourcing.

中文部分
金家禾, & 陳均泓，(2008)，市場驅動之建築陶瓷材料產業跨兩岸生產網絡，台灣土地研究期刊，第11期 (1):頁169-196。
陳娣螢，2015a，耐火及陶瓷製品製造業基本資料，台灣經濟研究院產經資料庫，代碼：24147。
陳娣螢，2015b，耐火及陶瓷製品製造業景氣動態報告，台灣經濟研究院產經資料庫，代碼：24019。
凱撒衛浴公司著，2014，凱撒衛浴股份有限公司103年度年報。
游德二，2003，陶瓷產業透視，工業雜誌，第92 卷，第6 期：頁23-33。

英文部分
Adnan, Y. M., Daud, M. N., & Mohamed Razali, M. N. (2015). A multi-criteria framework for office tenants' preferences at office buildings. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 19(3), 271-282.
Aissaoui, N., Haouari, M., & Hassini, E. (2007). Supplier selection and order lot sizing modeling: a review. Computers & Operations Research, 34(12), 3516-3540.
Alemany, M. M. E., Ortiz, A., Boza, A., & Fuertes-Miquel, V. S. (2015). A model-driven decision support system for reallocation of supply to orders under uncertainty in ceramic companies. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 21(4), 596-625.
Arabzad, S. M., Razmi, J., & Ghorbani, M. (2011). Classify purchasing items based on risk and profitability attributes; using MCDM and FMEA techniques. Research Journal of International Studies, 1(21), 80-85.
Araz, C., Ozfirat, P. M., & Ozkarahan, I. (2007). An integrated multicriteria decision-making methodology for outsourcing management. Computers & Operations Research, 34(12), 3738-3756.
Berger, P. D., Gerstenfeld, A., & Zeng, A. Z. (2004). How many suppliers are best? A decision-analysis approach. Omega, 32(1), 9-15.
Brunelli, M. (2014). Introduction to the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Springer.
Chaghooshi, A. J., Rahmani, M., & Zarchi, M. K. (2012). Formulation and Prioritization of Strategies in Tile and Ceramic Industry: A Case Study. Journal of New York Science, 5(6).
Ching-Lai, H., & Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. Springer-Verlag.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Davidrajuh, R. (2003). Modeling and implementation of supplier selection procedures for e-commerce initiatives. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 103(1), 28-38.
Dickson, G. W. (1996). An analysis of vendor selection systems and decisions. Journal of Purchasing, 6(2):5-17
Dong, Y., Zhang, G., Hong, W. C., & Xu, Y. (2010). Consensus models for AHP group decision making under row geometric mean prioritization method. Decision Support Systems, 49(3), 281-289.
Ferreira, L. M. D., Arantes, A., & Kharlamov, A. A. (2015). Development of a purchasing portfolio model for the construction industry: an empirical study. Production Planning & Control, 26(5), 377-392.
Govindan, K., Rajendran, S., Sarkis, J., & Murugesan, P. (2015). Multi criteria decision making approaches for green supplier evaluation and selection: a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 98, 66–83.
Gunasekaran, A., Irani, Z., Choy, K. L., Filippi, L., & Papadopoulos, T. (2015). Performance measures and metrics in outsourcing decisions: a review for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 161, 153-166.
Hesping, F. H., & Schiele, H. (2015). Purchasing strategy development: a multi-level review. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 21(2), 138-150.
Ho, W., Xu, X., & Dey, P. K. (2010). Multi-criteria decision making approaches for supplier evaluation and selection: a literature review. European Journal of Operational Research, 202(1), 16-24.
Huang, Y. S., & Li, W. H. (2012). A study on aggregation of TOPSIS ideal solutions for group decision-making. Group Decision and Negotiation, 21(4), 461-473.
Igarashi, M., de Boer, L., & Fet, A. M. (2013). What is required for greener supplier selection? A literature review and conceptual model development. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 19(4), 247-263.
Jabeur, K., & Martel, J. M. (2007). An ordinal sorting method for group decision-making. European Journal of Operational Research, 180(3), 1272-1289.
Kraljic, P. (1983). Purchasing must become supply management. Harvard business review, 61(5), 109-117.
Kull, T. J., & Talluri, S. (2008). A supply risk reduction model using integrated multicriteria decision making. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 55(3), 409-419.
Kumar, S., Parashar, N., & Haleem, A. (2009). Analytical hierarchy process applied to vendor selection problem: Small scale, medium scale and large scale industries. Business Intelligence Journal, 2(2), 355-362.
Kumari, S., Singh, A., Mishra, N., & Garza-Reyes, J. A. (2015). A multi-agent architecture for outsourcing SMEs manufacturing supply chain. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 36, 36-44.
Lee, C. Y., & Chien, C. F. (2014). Stochastic programming for vendor portfolio selection and order allocation under delivery uncertainty. OR Spectrum, 36(3), 761-797.
Leenders, M. R., & Fearon, H. E. (2008). Developing purchasing's foundation. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44(2), 17-27.
Lenny Koh, S. C., Demirbag, M., Bayraktar, E., Tatoglu, E., & Zaim, S. (2007). The impact of supply chain management practices on performance of SMEs. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 107(1), 103-124.
Lu, J., Zhang, G., & Ruan, D. (2007). Multi-objective group decision making: methods, software and applications with fuzzy set techniques. Imperial College Press.
Mardani, A., Jusoh, A., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2015). Fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making techniques and applications–Two decades review from 1994 to 2014. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(8), 4126-4148.
Matthyssens, P., & Van den Bulte, C. (1994). Getting closer and nicer: partnerships in the supply chain. Long Range Planning, 27(1), 72-83.
Narasimhan, R., & Talluri, S. (2009). Perspectives on risk management in supply chains. Journal of Operations Management, 27(2), 114-118.
Noshad, K., & Awasthi, A. (2015). Supplier quality development: a review of literature and industry practices. International Journal of Production Research, 53(2), 466-487.
Ojala, M., & Hallikas, J. (2006). Investment decision-making in supplier networks: Management of risk. International Journal of Production Economics,104(1), 201-213.
Parthiban, P., Zubar, H. A., & Katakar, P. (2013). Vendor selection problem: a multi-criteria approach based on strategic decisions. International Journal of Production Research, 51(5), 1535-1548.
Ramanathan, R., & Ganesh, L. S. (1994). Group preference aggregation methods employed in AHP: An evaluation and an intrinsic process for deriving members' weightages. European Journal of Operational Research, 79(2), 249-265.
Rezaei, J., Ortt, R., & Trott, P. (2015). How SMEs can benefit from supply chain partnerships. International Journal of Production Research, 53(5), 1527-1543.
Saaty, T. L., & Vargas, L. G. (2012). Models, Methods, Concepts & Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (Vol. 175). Springer Science & Business Media.
Sanders, N. R., Locke, A., Moore, C. B., & Autry, C. W. (2007). A multidimensional framework for understanding outsourcing arrangements. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 43(4), 3-15.
Şen, C. G., Şen, S., & Başlıgil, H. (2010). Pre-selection of suppliers through an integrated fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and max-min methodology. International Journal of Production Research, 48(6), 1603-1625.
Shyur, H. J., & Shih, H. S. (2006). A hybrid MCDM model for strategic vendor selection. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 44(7), 749-761.
Singh Sangwan, K., Bhamu, J., & Mehta, D. (2014). Development of lean manufacturing implementation drivers for Indian ceramic industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(5), 569-587.
Sonmez, M., & Moorhouse, A. (2010). Purchasing professional services: which decision criteria? Management Decision, 48(2), 189-206.
Tam, M. C., & Tummala, V. R. (2001). An application of the AHP in vendor selection of a telecommunications system. Omega, 29(2), 171-182.
Tzeng, G. H., & Huang, J. J. (2011). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. CRC Press.
Vaidya, O. S., & Kumar, S. (2006). Analytic hierarchy process: An overview of applications. European Journal of operational research, 169(1), 1-29.
Wadhwa, V., & Ravindran, A. R. (2007). Vendor selection in outsourcing. Computers & operations research, 34(12), 3725-3737.
Weber, C. A., Current, J. R., & Benton, W. C. (1991). Vendor selection criteria and methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 50(1), 2-18.
Westphal, P., & Sohal, A. S. (2013). Taxonomy of outsourcing decision models. Production Planning & Control, 24(4-5), 347-358.
Wiengarten, F., Pagell, M., & Fynes, B. (2013). The importance of contextual factors in the success of outsourcing contracts in the supply chain environment: the role of risk and complementary practices. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(6), 630-643.
Wu, D., & Olson, D. L. (2008). Supply chain risk, simulation, and vendor selection. International journal of production economics, 114(2), 646-655.
Wu, T., Blackhurst, J., & Chidambaram, V. (2006). A model for inbound supply risk analysis. Computers in industry, 57(4), 350-365.
Xu, Z., & Cai, X. (2013). On consensus of group decision making with interval utility values and interval preference orderings. Group Decision and Negotiation, 22(6), 997-1019.
Yin, R. K. (2013). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Sage Publications.
Yoon, K. P., & Hwang, C. L. (1995). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: An Introduction (Vol. 104). Sage publications.
Yu, C., & Wong, T. N. (2015). A multi-agent architecture for multi-product supplier selection in consideration of the synergy between products. International Journal of Production Research, 53(20), 6059-6082.