本研究探討離子對雙親分子(ion pair amphiphile, IPA) hexadecyltrimethylammonium-dodecylsulfate (HTMA-DS)與不同添加物於氣/液界面上所形成之混合單分子層的行為，所使用的添加物包含長碳鏈醇類(正十六碳醇與正十八碳醇)、膽固醇，以及雙十六碳二甲基溴化銨(dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide,DHDAB)。藉由單分子層的表面壓-面積與表面電位-面積等溫線，遲滯與鬆弛曲線，以及布魯斯特角顯微鏡 (Brewster angle microscope,BAM) 影像，以了解混合單分子層中分子間之交互作用和氣/液界面上單分子層的穩定性。
對於HTMA-DS/長碳鏈醇類混合系統而言，等溫線顯示正十六碳醇與正十八碳醇的添加皆有凝縮雙鏈之HTMA-DS單分子層的作用，且可以降低碳氫鏈在氣/液界面上的傾斜角度。由熱力學的分析發現，添加這兩種長碳鏈醇類可提高單分子層中分子間的吸引力，使得混合後的單分子層具較佳的穩定性。此外，單分子層的遲滯與鬆弛行為顯示，長碳鏈醇類的添加能改善HTMA-DS單分子層於緊密狀態下的穩定性。單分子層形態的BAM觀測也證實，長碳鏈醇類的添加提升了分子間的吸引力，其中又以正十六碳醇的影響程度最為顯著。
就添加膽固醇的混合單分子層系統而言，等溫線與單分子層形態觀測均顯示，膽固醇在低表面壓下具有相當顯著的凝縮效應，並與HTMA-DS形成分子排列較緊密的液態規則相。熱力學的分析則顯示，膽固醇與長碳鏈醇類一樣具有提升分子間吸引力的作用，且能調節分子的排列行為。然而，由單分子層的鬆弛行為發現，膽固醇的添加並無法有效地提升HTMA-DS單分子層於氣/液界面上的穩定性。
至於HTMA-DS/DHDAB混合單分子層系統，XHTMA-DS = 0.5之單分子層的等溫線呈現不合理的分子極限佔據面積，顯示氣/液界面上有分子損失的情況發生。藉由設計的實驗發現，混合單分子層中的DHDA＋會取代HTMA-DS中的HTMA＋，並與DS－形成DHDA-DS的新型IPA分子。被取代的HTMA＋則傾向脫附至水相中，因而造成界面上分子的損失。此外，由單分子層的鬆弛行為得知，DHDAB的添加與HTMA＋的被取代行為，有助於提升單分子層於緊密狀態下的穩定性。單分子層形態的BAM影像則顯示，在非等莫耳比例混合的單分子層中有相分離的現象，也證實了混合單分子層中HTMA＋的被取代行為及DHDA-DS的生成。

Monolayer behavior of an ion pair amphiphile (IPA), hexadecyltrimethylammonium-dodecylsulfate (HTMA-DS), with various additives including long-chain alcohols (n-hexadecanol, HD, and n-octadecanol, OD), cholesterol, and dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DHDAB) at the air/water interface was investigated. With surface pressure-area and surface potential-area isotherms, hysteresis and relaxation curves, and Brewster angle microscope (BAM) images, molecular interaction in the monolayers and the monolayer stability at the interface were then elucidated.
For the mixed HTMA-DS/long-chain alcohol systems, the isotherms indicated that the addition of HD or OD led to a condensing effect on a double-chained HTMA-DS monolayer, resulting in a small tilt angle of the hydrocarbon chains at the air/water interface. With the thermodynamic analysis, the enhanced attractive interaction between the molecules in the monolayers was found with the presence of the two long-chain alcohols, and better stability of the mixed monolayers was detected. Moreover, the monolayer hysteresis and relaxation curves suggested that the added long-chain alcohols could improve the stability of a HTMA-DS monolayer at condensed states. The enhanced attractive interaction between the molecules due to the addition of the long-chain alcohols was also confirmed by the BAM observations of the monolayer morphology, and HD seemed more effective as an additive than OD.
For the mixed monolayer system with cholesterol, the isotherms and morphology observations indicated that cholesterol exhibited a significant condensing effect at low surface pressures and formed with HTMA-DS a liquid-ordered phase with more compact molecular packing. The thermodynamic analysis implied that cholesterol as well as the two long-chain alcohols was able to enhance the attractive interaction between the molecules and adjust the molecular packing behavior in the mixed monolayers. However, it was found from the monolayer relaxation curves that the presence of cholesterol was unable to effectively improve the stability of a HTMA-DS monolayer at the air/water interface.
As for the mixed HTMA-DS/DHDAB monolayers, an unreasonable value of limiting area per molecule was obtained from the isotherm of the mixed monolayer with XHTMA-DS = 0.5, indicating the loss of monolayer-forming molecules at the air/water interface. By the designed experiments, it was found that in the mixed monolayer, DHDA＋ could replace the HTMA＋ of HTMA-DS, forming DHDA-DS, a new type of IPA molecule. The replaced HTMA＋ tended to desorb into the water subphase, resulting in the loss of molecules at the interface. In addition, the monolayer relaxation curves suggested that the addition of DHDAB and the replaced behavior of HTMA＋ were useful in enhancing the stability of the monolayers at condensed states. The BAM images of monolayer morphology demonstrated the occurrence of phase separation in the mixed monolayers with non-equimolar ratios, and also confirmed the displaced behavior of HTMA＋ and the formation of DHDA-DS.

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