根據過去研究指出（Jiang, Olson, & Chun, 2000），在測試階段保有原本的空間佈局（全部呈現）和單一探針呈現相比，受試者在保有空間佈局的表現比單一探針的表現好。由此全部呈現優勢性可知，視覺短期記憶儲存了物件之間的空間相對關係以及物件之間的特性。但是，最近有研究發現不一致的結果，受試者在單一探針呈現的表現反而比全部呈現好。我們認為此結果的不一致是由於在測試階段是否使用事後線索與項目間的顏色是否重複所造成的。本研究共包含三個實驗。實驗一和二探討全部呈現優勢性的發生是否有其前提。實驗三探討顏色群聚對局部呈現所造成的影響，以便得知以顏色群聚在一起的項目所形成的佈局是否足夠受試者偵測顏色改變。實驗一和二結果顯示，全部呈現優勢性只有在測試階段使用事後線索與改變發生在顏色群聚內的項目才會出現。當沒有事後線索時，得到的是相反結果。實驗三結果顯示，當有一半的項目在測試階段被移除時，若仍維持顏色群聚項目之間的關係訊息，則受試者的表現會比沒有維持顏色群聚項目之間的關係訊息好。以上結果突顯視覺短期記憶會保有個別項目所形成的相對空間佈局，也可知空間關係訊息能否協助受試者偵測改變會受到決策負荷量和顏色群聚影響。

Change detection performance has been found to be more accurate when a test display preserves the original configuration (whole display) compared to single probe testing (see Jiang, Olson, & Chun, 2000). The whole-display superiority suggests that visual short-term memory (VSTM) stores spatial relations between objects as well as the identity of objects. However, recent findings showed a reversal effect: accuracy in the single-probe condition was higher than that in the whole-display condition. We postulated that the inconsistent results may have occurred because of the methodological differences in the presentation of a post-cue during test and redundancy of colors of memory items. Three experiments were conducted in this study. The first two experiments were conducted to test what conditions led to whole-display superiority. The results showed that whole-display superiority was observed only when a post-cue was provided during test and when a change occurred in items that were grouped by color. Conversely, the reversal effect was found when no post-cue was provided. In the third experiment, I further tested the effect of color grouping on color change detection when partial probe was tested. The results showed that change detection performance can still benefit from the relational information of the grouped items. Together, these results highlight that VSTM maintains relative spatial configuration between individual items. In addition, the benefit of relational information on color change detection depends on the degree of decision load at test and color grouping.

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