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研究生: 何紀壯
Ho, Chi-Chuang
論文名稱: 主鏈含PPV衍生物及聯苯基團高分子 的合成與光電性質的探討
Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Novel Soluble Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Derivatives Containing Biphenyl Moieties
指導教授: 陳雲
Chen, Yun
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 105
中文關鍵詞: 高分子發光二極體摻合
外文關鍵詞: PLED, doping
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  •   自從PPV高分子的電激發光性(Electroluminescence, EL)被發現後,高分子發光二極體(Polymeric Light Emitting Diode, PLED)就開始被受到注目。而現在PLED對於商業實用上的顯示器有一個最大的問題就是低量子效率。在PPV型高分子中,通常具有較佳的電洞傳送特性,這將導致電荷注入不平均,使得電子電洞再結合不平衡,造成元件發光效率降低的問題。通常解決這個問題,可由元件製程上的改良或針對高量子效率的材料做進一步發展。為了增進量子效率出現各式改良的方法,其中之一為電致發光電池(Light-emitting Electrochemical Cell, LEC)。
      本研究將聯苯及PPV衍生物以Wittig縮合聚合的方式合成出高分子P1和P2。另外,將所合成出具Oligo(ethylene oxide)側鏈之高分子P1與過氯酸鋰錯合。發現摻合鋰鹽後,可使電子電洞再結合達平衡、具有較低的操作電壓,並提升其發光效率。P1高分子並沒有發現熔點(Tm)及玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)的出現,而P2的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)和熔點(Tm)分別為102℃及231℃。P1和P2的熱裂解溫度(Td)分別為381℃及318℃,顯示P1具有較高之熱穩定性。P1和P2薄膜態的最大UV/Vis吸收及螢光光譜(PL)波長分別在447~452 nm及505~507 nm,而摻合鋰鹽後P1較未摻合鋰鹽前的最大UV/Vis吸收要紅位移8 nm。由循環伏安法推算出P1、P2和摻合鋰鹽後的P1的HOMO能階與LUMO能階分別為-5.13 eV、-5.39 eV、-5.06 eV與-3.18 eV、-3.21 eV、-3.79 eV,進而求出譜帶間隙Egelec為1.95 eV、2.18 eV、1.27 eV。雙層元件P1、P2和摻合鋰鹽後P1的起始電場分別為4.2×105 V/cm、5.6×105 V/cm和3.4×105 V/cm,其最大輝度分別為175 cd/m2、268 cd/m2和620 cd/m2。

      Since the discovery of electroluminescence (EL) of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), polymeric light emitting diode (PLED) have attracted much attention. Currently one of the biggest problems for PLED as commercially viable displays is the low quantum efficiency. Most PPV-related polymers can be easily p-doped, so the mobility of holes is usually much greater than that of electrons, which may result in imbalance of electron- and hole-injection that leads to low EL efficiency. This problem is usually solved by device engineering, or development of highly efficient EL materials. Another way to improve the quantum efficiency is the employment of light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC).
      In this work, new soluble PPV-derivatives (P1, P2) containing biphenyl moieties were symthesized through the Wittig condensation reaction. P1 contains extra flexible oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains as compared with P2. The polymers exhibit good thermal stability (stable up to 315℃ in nitrogen). Optical properties of the polymers were investigated by absorption and photoluminescence spectra. Electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry and the band gaps are between 1.27~2.18 V. Double layer devices ITO/PEDOT/Polymer/Al were successfully fabricated. The initial electric field and maximum luminance of the ITO/PEDOT/P1+LiClO4/Al were 3.4×105 V/cm and 620 cd/m2, respectively.

    中文摘要………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ 英文摘要………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 誌 謝…………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ 目 錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ 流程目錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ 表目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅸ 圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………X 第一章 緒論 1-1 前言…………………………………………………………………………1 1-2 理論基礎………………………………………………………………………3 1-2-1 共軛導電高分子的電子狀態…………………………………………………3 1-2-2 螢光原理………………………………………………………………………5 1-2-3 螢光的能量轉移……………………………………………………………7 1-3 發光原理與元件結構……………………………………………………………8 1-3-1 發光原理………………………………………………………………………8 1-3-2 元件結構……………………………………………………………………10 1-3-3 發光效率……………………………………………………………………14 第二章 文獻回顧 2-1 PPV及其衍生物之聚合法………………………………………………………16 2-1-1 直接聚合法…………………………………………………………………16 2-1-2 間接聚合法…………………………………………………………………17 2-2 PPV衍生物之發展………………………………………………………18 2-3 PPV衍生物之光色………………………………………………………24 2-4 歸納與討論……………………………………………………………………24 2-5 研究動機………………………………………………………………………25 第三章 實驗內容 3-1實驗裝置與設備…………………………………………………………………26 3-2鑑定儀器………………………………………………………………………26 3-3物性及光電特性測量儀器……………………………………………………27 3-4藥品及材料…………………………………………………………………32 3-5合成步驟與結果……………………………………………………………33 3-5-1雙醛單體10的合成……………………………………………………………34 3-5-2 雙醛單體12的合成…………………………………………………………37 3-5-3雙三苯基磷單體14的合成……………………………………………………38 3-5-4高分子P1和P2的合成…………………………………………………………38 3-6 聚合反應原理…………………………………………………………………40 3-7 相對量子產率…………………………………………………………………41 3-8 循環伏安法…………………………………………………………………42 3-9 元件製作…………………………………………………………………44 3-9-1 ITO玻璃之清洗………………………………………………………………45 3-9-2 ITO玻璃之蝕刻………………………………………………………………45 3-9-3高分子發光膜的製作…………………………………………………………47 3-9-4 陰極蒸鍍…………………………………………………………………47 3-9-5元件量測…………………………………………………………………49 第四章 結果與討論 4-1 單體結構之鑑定………………………………………………………………50 4-2高分子結構鑑定………………………………………………………………52 4-3 高分子分子量的測定…………………………………………………………53 4-4溶解度測試…………………………………………………………………53 4-5高分子熱性質分析……………………………………………………………54 4-5-1熱重分析……………………………………………………………………54 4-5-2微差式掃描熱卡計…………………………………………………………55 4-6光學性質……………………………………………………………………56 4-6-1 UV/Vis 吸收光譜……………………………………………………………56 4-6-1-1 發光波長……………………………………………………………………56 4-6-1-2溫度效應……………………………………………………………………58 4-6-2激發光譜分析(Excitation Spectra)………………………………………59 4-6-3螢光光譜分析……………………………………………………………60 4-6-3-1 發光波長……………………………………………………………60 4-6-3-2濃度效應……………………………………………………………60 4-6-3-3溫度效應……………………………………………………………61 4-6-3-4溶劑化顯色效應(Solvatochromism)……………………………………62 4-6-4 相對量子產率…………………………………………………………63 4-7電化學性質探討…………………………………………………………65 4-8高分子發光二極體(PLED)的元件特性………………………………………67 4-8-1電流密度(I)-電場(F)-輝度(L)特性……………………………………………68 4-8-2 電激發光光譜(Electroluminescence spectra)與色度…………………69 第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………70 參考文獻………………………………………………………………………101 自述……………………………………………………………………………105

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