簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 鄭智軒
Cheng, Chih-Hsuan
論文名稱: The Influence of Reference Group on Store Choice Criteria and Patronage Intentions
The Influence of Reference Group on Store Choice Criteria and Patronage Intentions
指導教授: 張心馨
Chang, Hsin-Hsin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 企業管理學系
Department of Business Administration
論文出版年: 2005
畢業學年度: 93
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 109
外文關鍵詞: Store Patronage Intention, Store Choice, Store Image, Reference Group
相關次數: 點閱:113下載:5
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • none

    The aim of this research is to investigate reference group influence on consumers’ store choice decision criteria. In this research we propose a comprehensive store choice model that includes (1) two types of reference group (“family group” and “peer group”) as exogenous constructs, (2) various store choice criteria (social activity, fashion goods, store atmosphere, location convenience, and entertainment) as mediat-ing constructs, and (3) store patronage intentions as the endogenous construct.

    We then empirically examine the extent to which the reference group influences consumers’ assessments of a store on various store choice criteria, which, in turn, in-fluence patronage intention. The results of this study are as follows:

    (1)The first conclusion is that “peer group” and “family group” shoppers do not differ significantly in their store selection response to the stores social activity suitability, but the other four store choice criteria differ significantly.

    (2)For “peer group” shoppers, social activity and store atmosphere are positively associated with store patronage intention, and for “family group” shoppers, so-cial activity, store atmosphere, and location convenience are positively associated with store patronage intention, whereas the other store choice criteria are not.

    (3)When we divide “peer group” shoppers by gender, male and female “peer group” shoppers differ significantly in their store selection response to the social activity suitability, whereas the other store choice criteria do not differ significantly. For male “peer group” shoppers, social activity is positively associated with store patronage intention, and for female “peer group” shoppers, social activity and store atmosphere are positively associated with store patronage intention, whereas the other store choice criteria are not.

    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - 1 1.1 Research Background and Motivation - 1 1.2 Research Objective - 4 1.3 Research Flow - 5 1.4 Organization of the Thesis - 6 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT - 8 2.1 Store Image - 8 2.2 Reference Group -15 2.3 Store Choice - 19 2.3.1 Impacts of Reference Group on Social Activity - 23 2.3.2 Impacts of Reference Group on Fashion Goods - 24 2.3.3 Impacts of Reference Group on Store Atmosphere - 25 2.3.4 Impacts of Reference Group on Location Convenience - 26 2.3.5 Impacts of Reference Group on Entertainment - 27 2.4 Store Patronage Intentions - 28 2.4.1 Impacts of Social activity on Store Patronage Intention - 29 2.4.2 Impacts of Fashion Goods on Store Patronage Intention - 30 2.4.3 Impacts of Store Atmosphere on Store Patronage Intention - 30 2.4.4 Impacts of Location convenience on Store Patronage Intention - 31 2.4.5 Impacts of Entertainment on Store Patronage Intention - 32 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY - 34 3.1 Research Framework and Research Hypotheses - 34 3.2 A Summary of Supporting Works for Research Hypotheses - 35 3.3 Definitions - 38 3.4 Questionnaire Design - 41 3.4.1 Social Activity - 41 3.4.2 Fashion Goods - 41 3.4.3 Store Atmosphere - 42 3.4.4 Location Convenience - 43 3.4.5 Entertainment - 44 3.4.6 Store Patronage Intention - 44 3.4.7 Demographic Variables - 45 3.5 Pilot Test - 45 3.5.1 The Sample - 45 3.5.2 The Results of the Pilot Test - 46 3.5.3 Questionnaire Modification - 50 3.6 Questionnaire Analysis - 50 CHAPTER 4 ANALYSES OF RESULTS - 52 4.1 Descriptive Analysis - 52 4.1.1 Characteristics of Respondents - 52 4.1.2 Sample Comparison in Shopping with Family or with Peers - 54 4.2 Test for Homogeneity - 56 4.2.1 Family Group Questionnaire Test for Homogeneity - 56 4.2.2 Peer Group Questionnaire Test for Homogeneity - 57 4.2.3 Family and Peer Groups Questionnaire Test for Homogeneity - 58 4.3 Reliability Tests - 59 4.3.1 Reliability Test on Social Activity - 59 4.3.2 Reliability Test on Fashion Goods - 60 4.3.3 Reliability Test on Store Atmosphere - 61 4.3.4 Reliability Test on Location Convenience - 62 4.3.5 Reliability Test on Entertainment - 63 4.3.6 Reliability Test on Store Patronage Intention - 64 4.4 Multivariate Analysis - 65 4.4.1 Multivariate Analysis of the Reference Group - 65 4.4.2 Multivariate Analysis of Peer Group Shopper Gender Differences - 67 4.5 Multiple Regression Analysis - 69 4.5.1 Multiple Regression Analysis of Family Group Shopper’s Questionnaire Data - 70 4.5.2 Multiple Regression Analysis of Peer Group Shopper’s Questionnaire Data - 73 4.5.3 Multiple Regression Analysis of Peer Group Shopper’s (Male) Questionnaire Data - 76 4.5.4 Multiple Regression Analysis of Peer Group Shopper’s (Female) Questionnaire Data - 78 4.6 Structural Equation Modeling - 81 4.6.1 SEM of the Family Group Questionnaire Data - 82 4.6.2 SEM of the Peer Group Questionnaire Data - 83 4.7 Summary Results of the Hypotheses Testing - 84 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - 87 5.1 Summary of Main Findings - 87 5.2 Research Conclusions and Implications - 88 5.3 Limitations and Future Research - 93 REFERENCE - 95 APPENDIX: QUESTIONNAIRE IN CHINESE - 103

    Arnold, S. J., Oum, T. H. and Tigert, D. J. (1983), “Determinant Attributes in Retail Patronage: Seasonal, Temporal, and International Comparisons,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.20, No.2, pp.149-175.

    Aronld, M. J. and Reynolds, K. E. (2003), “Hedonic Shopping Motivations,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.79, No.2, pp.77-95.

    Assael, H. (2001), Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action, Sixth Edition, Thomson Learning.

    Babin, B. J., Hardesty, D. M. and Suter, T. A. (2003), “Color and Shopping Intentions: The Intervening Effect of Price Fairness and Perceived Affect,” Journal of Business Research, Vol.56, No.7, pp.541-551.

    Bagozzi, R. P. and Yi, Y. (1988), “On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.16, No.1, pp.74-94.

    Baker, J. and Cameron, M. (1996), “The Effects of the Service Environment on Affect and Consumer Perception of Waiting Time: An Integrative Review and Research Propositions,” Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.24, No.4, pp.338-349.

    Baker, J., Parasuraman A., Grewal, D. and Voss, G. B. (2002), “The Influence of Mul-tiple Store Environment Cues on Perceived Merchandise Value and Patronage Intentions,” Journal of Marketing, Vol.66, No.2, pp.120-141.

    Bearden, W. O. (1977), “Determinant Attributes of Store Patronage: Downtown Ver-sus Outlying Shopping Areas,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.53, No.2, pp.15-22.

    Bearden, W. O. and Etzel M. J. (1982), “Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.9, No.2, pp.183-194.

    Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (2003), Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, Sixth Edition, McGraw-Hill.

    Bell, S. J. (1999), “Image and Consumer Attraction to Intraurban Retail Areas: An Environmental Psychology Approach,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol.6, No.1, pp.67-78.

    Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W. and Engel, J. F. (2001), Consumer Behavior, Ninth Edition, South-Western.

    Bloemer, J. and Odekerken-Schroder, G. (2002), “Store Satisfaction and Store Loyalty Explained by Customer and Store Related Factors,” Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, Vol.15, pp.68-80.

    Buttle, F. (1992), “Shopping Motives Constructionist Perspective,” The Service Industries Journal, Vol.12, No.3, pp.349-367.

    Calder, B. J. and Burnkrant, R. E. (1977), “Interpersonal Influence on Consumer Behavior: An Attribution Theory Approach,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.4, No.1, pp.29-38.

    Chan, H. C., Hsu, T. H. and Chu, K. M. (2004), “A Study of the Relationship Between Consumer Behavior, Life Style, Promotion Mode, Media Usage and Store Image for the General Merchandise of Retail Industry in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Shanghai,” Journal of Management, Vol.21, No.1, pp.103-130.

    Childers, T. and Rao, A. (1992), “The Influence of Familial and Peer Based Reference Groups on Consumer Decisions,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.19, No.2, pp.198-211.

    Chiou, H. J. (2004), Quantitative Research and Statistical Analysis in Social and Behavioral Sciences, Second Edition, Wunan.

    Chowdhury, J., Reardon, J. and Srivastava, R. (1998), “Alternative Models of Measuring Store Image: An Empirical Assessment of Structured Versus Unstructured Measures,” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol.6, No.2, pp.72-82.

    Cooper, D. R. and Schindler, P. S. (2003), Business Research Methods, Eight Edition, McGraw-Hill.

    Erdem, O., Oumlil, A. B. and Tuncalp, S. (1999), “Consumer Values and the Importance of Store Attributes,” International Journal of Retail & Distribution Man-agement, Vol.27, No.4, pp.137-151.

    Evans, K. R., Christiansen, T. and Gill, J. D. (1996), “The Impact of Social Influence and Role Expectations on Shopping Center Patronage Intentions,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.24, No.3, pp.208-218.

    Faircloth, J. B., Capella, L.M. and Alford, B.L. (2001), “The Effect of Brand Attitude and Brand Image on Brand Equity,” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol.9, No.3, pp.61-76.

    Finn, A. and Louviere, J. J. (1996), “Shopping Center Image, Consideration, and Choice: Anchor Store Contribution,” Journal of Business Research, Vol.35, No.3, pp.241-251.

    Fox, E. J., Montgomery A. L. and Lodish L. M. (2004), “Consumer Shopping and Spending across Retail Formats,” The Journal of Business, Vol.77, No.2, pp.S25-S60.

    Ghosh, A. (1990), Retail Management, The Dryden Press.

    Gilmore, R., Margulis, W. and Rauch, R. A. (2001), “Consumer’s Attitude and Retailers’ Images in Creating Store Choice. A Study of Two Different Sides of the Same Story,” International Journal of Value-Based Management, Vol.14, No.3, pp.205-221.

    Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G. B. (2003), “The Effects of Wait Expectations and Store Atmosphere Evaluations on Patronage Intentions in Service-Intensive Retail Store,” Journal of Retail, Vol.79, No.3, pp.259-268.

    Grewal, D., Krishnan R., Baker, J. and Borin, N. (1998), “The Effect of Store Name, Brand Name and Price Discounts on Consumers’ Evaluations and Purchase Intentions,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.74, No.3, pp.331-352.

    Hasty, R. and Reardon, J. (1997), Retail Management, First Edition, McGraw-Hill.

    Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J. and Coney, K. A. (2004), Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy, Ninth Edition, McGraw-Hill.

    Haytko, D. L. and Baker, J. (2004), “It’s All at the Mall: Exploring Adolescent Girls’ Experiences,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.80, No.1, pp.67-83.

    Heijden, H. V. D. and Verhagen, T. (2002), “Measuring and Assessing Online Store Image: A Study of Two Online Bookshops in the Benelux,” Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

    Hemandez, S. A. (1990), “The Division of Housework: Choice Exchange,” Journal of Consumer Police, Vol.13, No.1, pp.155-180.

    Ibrahim, M. F. and Ng, C. W. (2002), “Determinants of Entertaining Shopping Experiences and Their Link to Consumer Behaviour: Case Studies of Shopping Centres in Singapore,” Journal of Leisure Property, Vol.2, No.4, pp.338-357.

    Janiszewski, C. and van Osselaer, S. M. J. (2000), “A Connectionist Model of Brand-Quality Associations,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.37, No.3, pp.331-350.

    Kamaruddin, A. R. and Mokhlis, S. (2003), “Consumer Socialization, Social Structural Factors and Decision-Making Styles: A Case Study of Adolescents in Ma-laysia,” International Journal of Consumer Studies, Vol.27, No.2, pp.145-156.

    Keller, K. L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, Measuring and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity,” Journal of Marketing, Vol.57, No.1, pp.1-22.

    Kenhove, P. V. and Waterschoot, W. V. (1999), “The Impact of Task Definition on Store-Attribute Saliences and Store Choice,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.75, No.1, pp.125-137.

    Kim, J. O. and Jin, B. (2001), “Korean Consumers’ Patronage of Discount Stores: Domestic vs Multinational Discount Store Shoppers’ Profiles,” The Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.18, No.3, pp.236-255.

    Kotler, P (1973), “Atmospherics as a Marketing Tool,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.49, No.4, pp.48-65.

    Koo, D. M. (2003), “Inter-Relationships among Store Images, Store Satisfaction, and Store Loyalty among Korea Discount Retail Patrons,” Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol.15, No.4, pp.42-71.

    Kunkel, J. and Berry, L. (1968), “A Behavioral Conception of Retail Image,” Journal of Marketing, Vol.32, No.4, pp.7-21.

    Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C. and Morgan, G. A. (2005), SPSS for Intermediate Statistics: Use and Interpretation, Second Edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Leo, P. Y. and Philippe, J. (2002), “Retail Centres: Location and Consumer’s Satisfaction,” The Service Industries Journal, Vol.22, No.1, pp.122-146.

    Lessig, V. P. and Park, C. W. (1978), “Promotional Perspectives of Reference Group Influence: Advertising Implications,” Journal of Advertising, Vol.7, No.2. pp.41-47.

    Littrell, M. A., Paige, R. C. and Song, K. (2004), “Senior Travellers: Tourism Activities and Shopping Behaviours,” Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol.10, No.4, pp.348-362.

    Mangleburg, T. F., Doney, P. M. and Bristol, T. (2004), “Shopping with Friends and Teens’ Susceptibility to Peer Influence,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.80, No.2, pp.101-116.

    Martineau, P. (1958), “The Personality of Retail Store,” Harvard Business Review,Vol 36, No.1, pp.47-55.

    Otnes, C. and McGrath, M. A. (2001), “Perceptions and Realities of Male Shopping Behavior,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.77, No.1, pp.111-137.

    Park, C. W. and Lessig, V. P. (1977), “Students and Housewives: Differences in Susceptibility to Reference Group Influence,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.5, No.4, pp.102-110.

    Parsons, A. G. (2003), “Assessing the Effectiveness of Shopping Mall Promotions: Customer Analysis,” International Journal of Retail and Distribution Manage-ment, Vol.31, No.2/3, pp.74-79.

    Peterson, R. A. and Kerin R. A. (1983), “Store Image Measurement in Patronage Research,” Patronage Behavior and Retail Management, Darden, William R. and Lusch, Robert F. (Eds.), North-Holland, pp.293-306.

    Pettersson, A., Olsson, U. and Fjellstrom, C. (2004), “Family Life in Grocery Stores - A Study of Interaction Between Adults and Children,” International Journal of Consumer Studies, Vol.28, No.4, pp.317-328.

    Popkowski Leszczyc, T. L., Sinha, A. and Timmermans, H. J. P. (2000), “Consumer Store Choice Dynamics: An Analysis of the Competitive Market Structure for Grocery Stores,” Journal of Retailing, Vol.76, No.3, pp.323-345.

    Rao, S. (2001), “A Decision-Support System that Helps Retailers Decide Order Quan-tities and Markdowns for Fashion Goods,” Interfaces, Vol.31, No.3, pp.S146-S165.

    Ring, L. J. (1983), “High-End Fashion Positioning,” Patronage Behavior and Retail Management, Darden, William R. and Lusch, Robert F. (Eds.), North-Holland, pp.165-178.

    Roberts, J. A. (1998), “Compulsive Buying among College Students: An Investigation of Its Antedecents, Consequences, and Implications for Public Policy,” The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol.32, No.2, pp.295-319.

    Sheth, J. N., Mittal, B. and Newman, B. I. (1999), Customer Behavior: Consumer Behavior and Beyond, First Edition, The Dryden Press.

    Sheth, J. N. (1983), “An Integrative Theory of Patronage Preference and Behavior,” Patronage Behavior and Retail Management, Darden, William R. and Lusch, Robert F. (Eds.), North-Holland, pp.9-28.

    Sit, Ja., Merrilees, B. and Birch, D. (2003), “Entertainment-Seeking Shopping Centre Patrons: The Missing Segments,” International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol.31, No.2/3, pp.80-94.

    Smith, P. and Burns, D. (1996), “Atmospherics and Retail Environments: The Case of the Power Aisle,” International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol.24, No.1, pp.7-14.

    Solgaard, H. S. and Hansen, T. (2003), “A Hierarchical Bayes Model of Choice Between Supermarket Formats,” Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, Vol.10, No.3, pp.169-180.

    Spangenberg, E. R., Crowley, A. E. and Henderson, P. W. (1996), “Improving the Store Environment: Do Olfactory Cues Affect Evaluations and Behaviors?,” Journal of Marketing, Vol.60, No.2, pp.67-80.

    Spiggle, S. and Sewall, M. A. (1987), “A Choice Sets Model of Retail Selection,” Journal of Marketing, Vol.51, No.2, pp.97-111.

    Thang, D. C. L. and Tan, B. L. B. (2003), “Linking Consumer Perception to Preference of Retail Stores: An Empirical Assessment of the Multi-Attributes of Store Images,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Service, Vol.10, No.4, pp.193-200.

    Tauber, E. M. (1972), “Why Do People Shop?,” Journal of Marketing, Vol.36, No.4, pp.46-49.

    Tigert, D. J. (1983), “Pushing the Hot Buttons for a Successful Retailing Strategy,” Patronage Behavior and Retail Management, Darden, William R. and Lusch, Robert F. (Eds.), North-Holland, pp.89-113.

    Ting, S. C. and Chen, C. N. (2001), “Exploring Determinants of the Store Image of Mass Merchandisers by Content Analysis,” Management Review, Vol.21, No.1, pp.85-113.

    Tootelian, D. H. and Gaedeke, R. M. (1992), “The Teen Market: An Exploratory Analysis of Income, Spending, and Shopping Patterns,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.9, No.4, pp.35-44.

    Turley, L. W. and Milliman, R. E. (2000), “Atmospheric Effects on Shopping Behavior: A Review of the Experimental Evidence,” Journal of Business Research, Vol.49, No.2, pp.193-211.

    Walters, C. G. (1978), Consumer Behavior: Theory and Practice, Third Edition, Irwin.

    Wu, W. Y. (2001), Business Research Methods, First Edition, Hwatai.
    Yoo, B., Donthu, N. and Lee, S. (2000), “An Examination of Selected Marketing Mix Elements and Brand Equity,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.28, No.2, pp.195-211.

    http://survey.yam.com/

    http://www.stat.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1

    http://www.taiwan-agriculture.org/taiwan/rocintro15.html

    下載圖示 校內:2007-06-30公開
    校外:2008-06-30公開
    QR CODE