本研究以鋼鐵供應鏈為研究背景，運用賽局理論建構二階供應鏈互動架構，探討下游製造商對上游供應商的供貨策略選擇如何影響獲利，研究之供應鏈架構包含一家製造商對兩家可互相替代的鋼鐵供應商，並將價格與品質作為供應鏈決策變數建構數學模型，一共模擬六個情境。其中將市場常見的領導鋼廠為供應鏈之單供應源做為比較基準，建構一家領導供應商與一家下游製造商的同時賽局、供應商決策先行賽局及製造商決策先行賽局，以史塔克柏格模型（Stackelberg）建立賽局，接著建構兩家供應商與一家製造商的同時賽局、兩家供應商決策先行賽局及製造商決策先行賽局，分析供應鏈成員在不同賽局的價格與品質決策，以及製造商之單供應與雙供應策略選擇和獲利影響。由不同情境之分析比較結果得出，在供應商決策先行賽局中，製造商採取單供應策略對整體獲利有正向幫助；在同時賽局與製造商決策先行賽局中，製造商可依據市場價格與品質敏感度變化決定是否採取雙供應策略；研究亦發現當領導廠商接受製造商採取雙供應策略時，領導廠商的自身獲利會比獨佔訂單更佳。

This study aims to the profit implications of downstream manufacturers' supply strategy choices on upstream suppliers within the steel supply chain context, applying game theory to construct echelon supply chain framework. The supply chain structure under study comprises one manufacturer facing two substitutable steel suppliers, with price and quality as decision variables. Six scenarios are simulated to analyze various supply chain dynamics. Comparisons are made with the common market scenario where a leading steel coil mill serves as the single supply source and a benchmark. Game scenarios are constructed: simultaneous game, supplier-sequential game, and manufacturer-sequential game using the Stackelberg model. Both one supplier-one manufacturer and two suppliers-one manufacturer setups. The analysis examines price and quality decisions among supply chain members under different game scenarios and explores the profit implications of manufacturers' single and dual sourcing strategies. Results from comparative analyses across different scenarios suggest that in the supplier-sequential game, manufacturers adopting a single sourcing strategy positively impact overall profitability. In simultaneous game and manufacturer-sequential game scenarios, manufacturers may decide on dual sourcing strategies based on market price and quality sensitivity variations. Furthermore, the study reveals that when the leading supplier accepts the manufacturer's dual sourcing strategy, its own profitability surpasses that of single sourcing strategy.

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