中文摘要
　　本研究主要是應用紅外線影像方式來測量手指溫度分佈，並配合傳統熱敏電阻感測器作生理回饋指溫測量，以比較使用不同方法測量時，左右手食指指尖之指溫變化是否同步，以及紅外線熱影像技術測得之指尖溫與指側溫之關係。30個健康受試者，年齡在20至40歲間，將其分為兩部分，測試右手之食指尖接熱敏電阻感測器(AT42溫度生理回饋儀)，左手之手掌則使用紅外線熱影像攝影機(Avionics TVS-600)以擷取熱影像。受測期間室溫為25~27℃，並聆聽一段約15分鐘之漸進式肌肉放鬆音樂，以一分鐘為單元，擷取一個溫度值。最後以ANOVA變異數分析方式加以統計分析(p<0.05)。實驗結果發現測試指尖溫與指側溫之間溫度關聯性有相同軌跡變化之趨勢。在目前的方法中，對於固定熱敏電阻感測器之生理回饋儀，在所讀取之溫度值與真實的溫度值之間也許有不可預測的差異。這對傳統溫度型的生理回饋儀測量需要更進一步的改進。

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare a non-contact method of skin surface temperature measurement with traditional biofeedback device of finger temperature with a contact thermistor sensor, to see if these temperature readings from loci of different fingers had the same trends of change.
Methods: 30 healthy volunteers (aged 20 to 40 years old) are recruited and divided into two groups. The room temperature of this study is kept within 25-27oC. The temperature of right index fingertip of subjects was measured by traditional temperature biofeedback with thermistor sensor gently taped (AT42 Portable TEMP). The left hand was measured simultaneously via Infrared thermal imaging (Avionics TVS-600, Japan). The relationship of temperature change between the tip and lateral side of the same finger, and between the same loci of two different fingers were studied. The ANOVA statistical test is then used for analysis.
Results: finger temperatures of different sites have the same trends of change. With current method to fix the probe of temperature biofeedback, there might be unpredictable discrepancy between measured reading and true temperature.
Conclusions: the instrumentation of traditional temperature biofeedback needs further improvement.

參考文獻
[1] M.S. Schwartz, R.P. Olson, A historical perspective on the field of biofeedback and
applied psychophysiology. In Schwartz MS eds. Biofeedback---a practitioner’s guide.
(2nd ed.) The Guilford Press, pp.3-18, 1995.
[2] A. Kistler, C. Mariauzouls, K. Berlepsch, ” Fingertip temperature as an indicator for
sympathetic responses”, International Journal of sychophysiology, vol.29, pp.35-41, 1998.
[3] D.J. Schilling, R. Poppen, “Behavioral relaxation training and assessment. Journal of
Behavior “, Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry. 14(2), pp.99-107, 1983.
[4] B. Alan, “生物反饋與焦慮,” 精神病學刊, vol.16, no.2, 1999.
[5] N.E. Miller, and A.J. Carmona, “Modification of a visceral response, salivation in
thirsty dogs, by instrumental training with water reward”, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Phychology, vol.63, pp.1-5, 1967.
[6] B.A. Von, I. Schilk, C. Lucke , J.A. Schmidt , “Infrared thermography in the diagnosis
of Raynaud’s phenomenon in vibration-induced white finger”, Vasa, vol.27(2), pp. 94-99, 1998.
[7] 陳仲庚編著,”實驗臨床心理學”,五南圖書出版公司, pp.175-208,1999.
[8] 忻志鵬主編,“實用臨床心理醫學”, 五南圖書出版公司, pp.287-304, 1999.
[9] D. Shapiro, B. Tursky, E. G.reshon, and M. Stern, ”Effects of feedback and
reinforcement on the control of human systolic blood pressure”, Science, pp.588-531, 1969.
[10] J. Kamiya, “Conscious control of brain waves”, Psychology today, vol.1(11), pp.56-61, 1968.
[11] W.B. Plotkin, “On the self-regulation of the occipital alpha ehythm: Controlstrategies, states of consciousness, and the role of physiological feedback”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, General, vol.105, pp.66-99, 1976.
[12] W.D. Lawson, “Thermal imaging”, In：McLean TP, Schangn P, eds. Electronic Imaging. London：Academic Press, pp.325-364, 1979.
[13] H. Hooshang, H. Masood and M.P. EEric, “The Role of Infrared Thermal Imaging
(ITI) in Management of Neuropathic Pain”, Proceedings of The First Joint BMES/EMBS Conference Serving Humanity, Advancing Technology. Atlanta, GA, USA, Oct. 13-16, pp.1102, 1999.
[14] H.H. Niu, P.W. Lui, J.S. Hu, C.k. Ting, Y.C. Yim, Y.L. Lo, L. Liu and T.Y. Lee,
“Thermal Symmetry of Skin Temperature: Normative Data of Normal Subjects in Taiwan”, Chinese Medical Journal (Taipei), Vol.64, pp.459-468, 2001.
[15] 陳惠峰, “應用零碎維度分析皮膚真皮層微血管血液流量分析之研究”, 成功大學醫學工程研究所碩士論文, 1993年6月.
[16] 吳俊毅, “熱分佈影像分析及其臨床應用”, 成功大學醫學工程研究所碩士論文, 1995年6月.
[17] 李進桂,王明習,張鳳麟,鄭國順, “以紅外線影像方法作精神狀態評估—初步探討”,
2002年生醫工程與技術研討會, 義守大學, 民國九十一年十二月, pp.D1-100~101, 2002.
[18] 楊謹慎, “紅外線熱影像分析在糖尿病足診斷應用”, 成功大學醫學工程研究所碩士論文, 2001年7月.
[19] B.F. Richard, D.P. Jennifer, J.H. Molly, M.S. Dennis, J.Y. Charles and M.S. Jayne, “The Effect of Music-Based Imagery and Musical Alternate Engagement on the Burn Debridement Process”, Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation , Jan/Feb., pp.47-53, 2001.
[20] R.H. James and J.T. Michael, “Using Skin Temperature Gradients of Skin heat Flux Measurements to Determine Thresholds of Vasoconstriction and Vasodilatation”, Eur J. Appl. Physiol., vol.88, pp.141-145, 2002.
[21] F.B. Jacqueline, A.S. Kathleen, “Effect of a Music Intervention on Noise Annoyance, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure in Cardiac Surgery Patients”, American Journal of Critical Care, May, Vol.6, No.3, pp.183-191, 1997.
[22] D.P. Jennifer, ”Music Therapy for Assistance with Pain and Anxiety Management in Burn Treatment”, Journal of Burn Care & Rchabilitation, Vol.22, No.1, 2001.
[23] Y.M. Chan, Peter W.H. Lee, T.Y. Ng. Hextan, Y.S. Ngan and L.C. Wong, “The Use
of Music to Reduce Anxiety for Patients Undergoing Colposcopy: A Randomized
Trial”, Gynecologic Oncology, Vol.91, Oct, pp.213-217, 2003.
[24] W.J. Gardner, J.C.R. Licklider and A.Z. Weisz, “Suppression of pain by sound”,
Science, vol.132, pp.32-33, 1960.
[25] E.B. Christenberry, “The Use of Music Therapy with Burn Patients”, J. Music Ther.
, vol.16, pp.138-48, 1979.
[26] G..R. Rozzano, B.S. Locsin, “The effect of music on the pain of selected post-operative patients”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol.6, pp.19-25. 1981.
[27] L.S. Wenck, P.W. Leu, R.C. Amato, “Evaluating the Efficacy of a Biofeedback Intervention to Reduce Children’s Anxiety”, Journal of clinical psychology, vol.52(4) pp.469-473, 1996.
[28] G..H. Jams, Physiology and Behavior Therapy. New York: ch.6, pp.105-124, 1986.
[29] 王昭智, “熱影像技術應用於人臉辨識之研究”, 成功大學工程科學研究所碩士論文, 2001年7月.
[30] J.P. Holman, “Heat Transfer”, 8th, Edit/8, New York: ch.1, pp.1-16, 1997.
[31] B.F. Jones, “A Reappraisal of the use of Infrared Thermal Imaging Analysis in Medicine ”, IEEE Trans. Med. Image, vol.17, no.6, pp.1019-1027, 1998.
[32] A.L. Krogstad, M.K. Elam, B.G. Wallin, “Arteriovenous anastomoses and the thermoregulatory shift between cutaneous vasoconstrictor and vasodilator reflexes”, J. Auton. Nerv. Syst., vol.53, pp.215-222, 1995.
[33] A.C. Guyton., “Textbook of Medical Physiology”, 4th ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1971.
[34] G..A. Lloyd, J.P. Harames, “Guidelines for Successful Implementation of Infrared Thermography for Repairing Electronic Circuit Cards”, IEEE AUTOTESTCON, pp.410-417, 1996.
[35] Nippon Avionics Co., Ltd., Operational Manual for Neo Thermo TVS-600 Series, 2001.
[36] U.Y. Ryo, J.A. Uebele, S.E. Yohn, ”Statistics for Health Professionals”, W.B. Saunders Company, ISBN 0-7216-8254-5, 1990.
[37] C.J. Heuvel, S.A. Ferguson, D. Dawson and S.S. Gilbert, “Comparison of Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) with Contact Thermometry: pilot data from a sleep research laboratory”, Physiological Measurement, vol.24, pp.717-725, 2003.
[38] 林清山,”心理與教育統計學”, 東華書局印行, 台北, pp.370-403, 1995.
[39] 楊志良, “生物統計學新論”, 藝軒圖書出版社, 台北, pp.235-252, 2002.
[40] 吳明隆, “SPSS統計應用實務”, 松崗電腦圖書資訊公司, 台北, ch.10, pp.1-30, 2002.