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研究生：	黃郁婷 Huang, Yu-Ting
論文名稱：	建築震害中功能性設施損壞及修復金額機率曲線研究 A Study of Operational and Functional Components Damage and the Repair Cost Probability Curves on Seismic Damage of Buildings
指導教授：	姚昭智 Yao, George. C.
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture
論文出版年：	2010
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	145
中文關鍵詞：	醫院、學校、功能性設施、修復金額機率曲線
外文關鍵詞：	hospital, school buildings, nonstructural component, operational and functional component, probability of repair cost
相關次數：	點閱：97 下載：5
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從921集集地震或是國際間之震害經驗，我們都一再地看到，醫院建築及學校建築是災後救援過程中相當重要的一環——醫院建築提供醫療救護之功能，學校建築則是緊急災難時當地居民最主要之公共避難空間。醫院建築在大震不倒之設計前提下，結構體儘管遭受破壞仍具有承載能力；然而由於醫院功能性設施受損，不僅無法保障原先院內之病患，更無法有效提供緊急醫療工作。因此，決定醫院建築能否於震後繼續提供其醫療能力者，實為功能性設施之耐震能力。學校建築有別於醫院建築，雖無明顯之機能性空間，然因使用者尚年幼，以及學校建築需於災後提供作為救濟大眾之重要建築物，維持建築空間中之基本使用性能仍為一重要之課題。有鑑於此，本研究以問卷方式，分別調查921集集地震之醫院建築及0304甲仙地震之學校建築，分析其功能性設施之損壞以及修復金額機率曲線。
彙整問卷調查表內各項功能性設施之損壞情形，將之分為無損壞、輕度損壞、中度損壞、重度損壞進行分析。再由易損性曲線之基本架構：以PGA 為工程需求參數，應用對數常態分佈、MCEER存活率分析、非線性曲線迴歸之概念延伸發展，將應變數由損壞機率變更為某一修復金額之發生機率，建立修復金額機率曲線。從修復金額機率曲線之判讀，吾人可以得知功能性設施在經歷某PGA時，某修復金額的發生機率，故可於災後迅速評估災損，或提供業主於建築設計階段評估耐震性能之考量，以及若不予以改善所需面對之損失金額與可能機率。

From the Chi-Chi earthquake and many severe seismic events abroad, we’ve learned that the public buildings played important roles in post-disaster rescues. For example, hospitals and school buildings provided medical treatment for the injuries and the emergent shelters for the local residents, respectively.
For hospital buildings, they could be seriously damaged but should never be collapsed under severe earthquakes; therefore, the structures of the hospital buildings usually did not lose their bearing capacity after earthquakes. However, the damage to the operational and functional components (OFCs) in the hospitals would lead to a more critical situation than did structural damages. Due to damaged OFCs in hospitals, not only the patients affected, but also the treatment for the emergency cases impeded. Thus, instead of only aiming at the structural safety of the hospitals, the seismic capacity of the OFCs should be seriously considered to maintain their post-earthquake emergent medical capability. For school buildings, this paper focuses only on investigating the OFCs which are needed in maintaining the basic function for young students in schools and providing the emergent shelters for the local residents after earthquakes. Hence, this study investigated the damaged OFCs in hospitals and in school buildings during the 921 Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999 and the 304 Jia-Sian earthquake in 2010, respectively. By using questionnaire, the damages to OFCs were surveyed and their repair cost probability curves were analyzed.
The damage levels of OFCs in the questionnaire were first classified into no, minor, moderate, and severe damages. Then the algorithms of the log normal distribution curve fitting were used to plot their corresponding repair cost probability curves. This concept was based on the fragility curve and using the PGA as the independent variable.
From the repair cost probability curves of OFCs, we can predict and evaluate the probability of repair cost of OFCs under a certain PGA either in the design or post- earthquakes stage. The building owners can therefore consider the seismic capacity of the OFCs, their seismic loss probability and the corresponding repair cost.

表目錄.................................................... Ⅴ
圖目錄.................................................... Ⅶ

第一章 緒論................................................ 1
  1-1 研究動機與目的....................................... 1
    1-1-1 研究動機......................................... 1
    1-1-2 研究目的......................................... 3
  1-2 文獻回顧............................................. 5
    1-2-1 非結構物及功能性設施震害調查....................... 5
    1-2-2 非結構物及功能性設施耐震研究....................... 9
    1-2-3 易損性曲線.......................................11
  1-3 研究方法............................................ 12
  1-4 適用範圍............................................ 15

第二章 醫院篩選與表格及調查資料............................. 17
  2-1 醫院篩選............................................ 17
    2-1-1 醫院篩選流程.................................... 17
    2-1-2 等震度圖（Shake Map） .......................... 18
  2-2 問卷表格............................................ 19
    2-2-1 FEMA356 ....................................... 19
    2-2-2 表格........................................... 19
  2-3 調查資料............................................ 20
    2-3-1 調查流程........................................ 20
    2-3-2 樣本資料........................................ 20
  2-4 小結............................................... 24

第三章 學校篩選與表格及調查資料............................. 25
  3-1 學校篩選............................................ 25
    3-1-1 學校篩選流程.................................... 25
  3-2 問卷表格............................................ 26
  3-3 調查資料............................................ 28
    3-3-1 調查流程........................................ 28
    3-3-2 樣本資料........................................ 29
  3-4 小結............................................... 38

第四章 損壞比率及損壞程度分析............................... 39
  4-1 損壞比率分析........................................ 39
    4-1-1 921 集集地震醫院建築功能性設施損壞比率............. 39
    4-1-2 0304 甲仙地震學校建築功能性設施損壞比率............ 46
  4-2 損壞程度分析........................................ 51
    4-2-1 921 集集地震醫院建築功能性設施損壞程度分析......... 52
    4-2-2 0304 甲仙地震學校建築功能性設施損壞程度分析........ 55
  4-3 小結............................................... 57

第五章 修復金額機率曲線探討................................. 59
  5-1 修復金額機率曲線方法................................. 59
    5-1-1 常態分佈與對數常態分佈........................... 60
    5-1-2 存活率分析（Survival Analysis）................. 63
    5-1-3 非線性曲線迴歸法分析修復金額機率曲線步驟........... 66
    5-1-4 修復金額正規化.................................. 69
  5-2 修復金額機率曲線分析................................. 76
    5-2-1 921 集集地震醫院建築功能性設施之修復金額機率曲線.... 77
    5-2-2 0304 甲仙地震學校建築功能性設施之修復金額機率曲線... 82
    5-2-3 修復金額機率曲線判讀及應用........................ 88
  5-3 小結............................................... 90

第六章 結論............................................... 93
  6-1 結論與建議.......................................... 93
    6-1-1 結論........................................... 93
    6-1-2 建議........................................... 95
  6-2 後續研究............................................ 96

參考文獻.................................................. 97

附錄A 等震度圖繪製程序.................................... 101
  A-1 等震度圖繪製....................................... 101
  A-2 以內插法求得指定場址之PGA數值.........................116

附錄B 921 集集地震醫院建築非結構物調查表.................... 121
  B-1 921 集集地震非結構物問卷調查表....................... 121
  B-2 921 集集地震醫療院所基本資料調查表................... 125

附錄C 921 集集地震醫院建築功能性設施調查.................... 127
  C-1 調查表格註記方式及意義.............................. 127
  C-2 921 集集地震醫院建築中功能性設施基本資料及損壞程度調查結
       果................................................ 129
  C-3 修復金額正規化..................................... 131

附錄D 0304 甲仙地震學校建築中功能性設施調查................. 135
  D-1 0304 甲仙地震學校建築中功能性設施損壞問卷調查表........ 135
  D-2 災損金額分類....................................... 138

附錄E 修復金額區間選擇.................................... 141
  E-1 修復金額之區間選擇.................................. 141
                                    

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