根據美國國家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)，疲勞駕駛早在1999年就已被認定為是造成交通事故的關鍵因素之一，它通常會導致嚴重的死亡和傷害事件。然而，相對於國道客運的行駛環境，市區公車駕駛的工作環境是更複雜，其中一個原因就是在都市中有相當高比例的機車，這些機車與市區公車在都市地區競爭有限的道路空間。都市交通混合車流的情況，不僅造成了交通壅塞問題，而且還可能導致市區公車駕駛不同程度的疲勞。此外，根據交通部2015年統計，各年齡層使用大眾運具的比例，其中有17%的使用者是高於65歲的年長者，由於醫療進步使人類平均壽命延長，高齡化已經成為全球不可避免的趨勢；市區公車駕駛長除了必須留意路況之外，也要顧及乘客的安全，尤其是高齡乘客。本研究考量高齡乘客的特性，探討其是否為造成駕駛疲勞的因素之一。本研究從在風險預防的角度，主要的目的為探討市區公車駕駛長工作壓力因素與疲勞程度之間的關係。主要建立一探索性模型，分析相關構面之間的因果關係，包括：疲勞傾向、工作相關因素、混合車流情況、年長乘客，以及市區公車駕駛長心理與生理上的疲勞反應。這些工作壓力因子，透過認知壓力的過程，包含：反抗壓力策略與工作專注力兩個構面，可能會進一步導致市區公車駕駛長身心疲勞的問題。本研究採用結構方程模式（SEM），探討壓力因素(例如：疲勞傾向與工作相關因素)對於公車駕駛長的生理、心理疲勞的因果關係。此外，實證研究的結果顯示，混合車流的道路環境與年長乘客特性確實會對公車駕駛長造成不同程度的疲勞傾向。本研究最終目的係為提供市區公車業者與政府主管機關更完善的道路安全改進對策與管理制度。

Fatigue has been identified as one of the key factors that result in traffic accidents, and it usually causes more serious fatalities and injuries. Compared to freeways/expressways, the operational environment for city buses in Taiwan is much more complicated. One of the reasons is that there is a high percentage of motor scooters in urban areas and they compete limited road spaces with buses. Such a mixed traffic flow condition has not only caused traffic congestion problem, but also might induce driving fatigue of city bus drivers. This research, addressed from a risk prevention perspective, is aimed to investigate the relationships between a vector of stress factors and the levels of city bus driver fatigue. This study adopts a framework that correlates the constructs among fatigue proneness, working-related factors, mixed traffic flow conditions, elder passenger characteristics, mental and physical fatigue reaction of city bus drivers. Through a cognitive stress process, which contains confrontive coping and task focus, these stressors might further lead to mental and physical fatigue. One of the main goals is to investigate the causal relationship between the fatigue levels of city bus drivers and traffic environment stress factors due to mixed traffic flow conditions and the elder passengers in an ageing society. This study develops a structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the causal relationships between a vector of stress factors, (such as fatigue proneness and working-related factors) and city bus drivers’ driving fatigue. The empirical study results indicate that mixed traffic flow conditions and elder passenger characteristics have a significant impact on driving fatigue of city bus drivers.

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