隨著都市化擴張與產業轉型加速，國土空間利用競合加劇，農地屢屢面臨「有名無實」困境：即使農地受相關法規保護，仍常因產業或社會影響而使農地閒置，導致農地流失加速、糧食安全隱憂浮現。而過往農業政策多依賴管制或補助工具，易忽略農民內在決策過程與外在制度條件的交互作用，此認知落差恐將造成農地保護與農業政策執行的困境，已成為農地永續利用的核心挑戰。
鑒於上述，本研究欲以系統性之觀點檢驗農耕行為背後之影響因素，釐清農民在現行制度下，維持農耕行為意圖之影響關鍵因素，並揭示農業政策工具如何提升農民的行為能力與選擇偏好。研究以臺南市為實證場域，以計畫行為理論(Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB)為基礎，剖析農民態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制等心理構面如何形塑農民持續耕作的意圖與行為。透過結合結構方程模型(SEM)與選擇實驗法(CE)共同分析農耕行為之影響，同步解析農民的心理作用與政策環境影響，藉此捕捉農民農耕行為「內在意圖形成」與「外部制度作用」的雙重驅動因素。
研究結果顯示，農民的知覺行為控制(PBC)為維持農耕行為中關鍵驅動因素，其不僅顯著提升農耕行為意圖(INT)，且對實際行為(BEH)具直接正向影響，突顯農民對資源掌握與自我效能提升的認知，是抵禦市場波動、環境與政策變遷的關鍵基礎，亦驗證農民行為意圖在維持農耕行為決策中，扮演重要之中介效果；而農民對於農耕行為的態度(ATT)與主觀規範(SN)則有高度相關性，代表農民的周遭親友具影響其主觀態度之能力，且兩者對行為意圖之影響為輔助性關係。政策分析則進一步揭示農民對不同的農業政策偏好具有高度異質性：年輕、高教育且具科技經驗的「創新型」農民偏好智慧農業補助與永續管制等政策；高齡或資源較匱乏的「傳統型」農民，則重視基本補助之穩定性。此結果顯示農業政策應提供更多元且在地化之制度設計策略，政策若忽略群體差異，容易加劇農民農耕行為之意圖與行為落差。
綜上所述，本研究證明農民耕作行為受內在心理與外在政策共同交互作用，亦為臺南國土計畫之農業政策提供指引：未來應優先強化農民的行為控制，並提供差異化之農業政策，提升政策可及性，方能達成維持農地農用之永續目標。

Urban expansion and industrial transformation have intensified competition over Spatial land use, placing farmland at a structural disadvantage despite regulatory protection. As a result, farmland is increasingly converted to non-agricultural uses or remains idle, raising concerns over farmland loss and long-term agricultural sustainability. This study aims to clarify how farmers’ decisions to maintain agricultural practices are formed under land competition, and to examine how policy instruments influence farmers’ behavioral capacity and willingness to continue farming.
Research based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to analyze how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control affect farmers’ intentions and behavior. Structural Equation Modeling is employed to examine the psychological mechanisms underlying farming decisions, while Choice Experiments are used to assess farmers’ preferences for different policies, and subsequently assess policy effectiveness.
The results indicate that perceived behavioral control is the most influential factor affecting farmers’ farming behavior. It significantly enhances behavioral intention and exerts a direct positive effect on actual behavior, with behavioral intention serving as an important mechanism. The analysis also reveals substantial heterogeneity among farmers: younger and more technologically experienced farmers favor innovation-oriented subsidies, whereas older farmers prioritize stable basic support.
In summary, farmland preservation requires policies that strengthen farmers’ behavioral capacity and accommodate diverse preferences. Differentiated and targeted interventions are essential to align intentions with behavior and promote sustainable agricultural land use under national land planning frameworks.

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