研究背景: 隨著現代人飲食、生活習慣的改變，肥胖盛行率隨著時間的推移有所增加，肥胖是許多非傳染性疾病中重要的致病因素。大眾多以身體質量指數來做為衡量肥胖的一個共通指標，然而身體質量指數卻無法正確反映出身體脂肪的分佈情形，故本研究使用BMI和腰圍加以探討台灣成年人在特定性別及年齡中的變化。

研究目的: 探討和紀錄台灣成年人中BMI和腰圍在特定性別及年齡中的變化以及探討BMI和腰圍隨著時間的變化趨勢，並納入教育程度、居住地的都市化程度及職業類別分層分析。

研究方法: 本文使用1993-1996年、2005-2008年及2013-2016年國民營養健康狀況變遷調查(NAHSIT)，透過出生年份建構“合成出生世代”(Synthetic Cohort)，估計兩個時期內BMI及腰圍的縱向變化趨勢。

研究結果: 台灣19歲以上成年人BMI和腰圍的年度變化量會隨著年齡的增長而減少且近期每年的增加趨勢相較於早期有趨緩。分層分析後，發現近期年度BMI增加較多的族群為低教育程度者、居住於低都市化程度地區的男性、居住於高都市化程度地區的女性、目前無工作者及學生；年度腰圍的部分，觀察到的趨勢和BMI中發現的趨勢相似。

結論：本研究的結果顯示近期台灣成年人的年度BMI及年度腰圍還是持續在增加，但是增加趨勢相較於早期已有趨緩。BMI和腰圍的變化很大程度上會取決於年齡，其中年輕族群的BMI和腰圍每年增加的幅度相較於年長族群來得更大，另外需要特別注意女性的腹部肥胖問題。未來公共衛生政策應將肥胖預防工作的重心放在年輕人上，同時努力防止已經過重和肥胖的人進一步增加體重，建議可以使用多個指標做為肥胖盛行率的監測工具。

Obesity is an important pathogenic factor in many non-communicable diseases. Most people used body mass index as a common indicator to measure obesity. However, the body mass index cannot accurately reflect the distribution of body fat. Therefore, this study used BMI and waist circumference to explore the changes of Taiwanese adults in specific gender and age. The aims of this study were: to explore and record age- and sex-specific longitudinal mean BMI and mean waist circumference change among Taiwanese adults; to explore the trends of BMI and waist circumference over time; to explore the trends of BMI and waist circumference in different education levels, urbanization levels of residential areas, and occupational categories. The research database was retrieved from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NASHIT) of the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, R.O.C. (Taiwan). This study constructed a Synthetic Cohort through the year of birth to estimate the longitudinal trends of BMI and waist circumference in the two periods. People were selected as the study subjects aged over 19 for observing the changes in BMI and waist circumference from adult to old age. The results showed that the recent increase in annual BMI and waist circumference of Taiwanese adults has slowed down. The changes in BMI and waist circumference largely depended on age. Among them, the annual BMI and annual waist circumference of young people have increased more than that of the elderly, and special attention necessarily to be paid to women's abdominal obesity issues.

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