在環保意識抬頭的今日，如何做好環境保護是越來越重要的議題。從產品的角度來看，除了從設計階段開始採用易拆解、易回收等綠色設計的概念以及做好產品回收處理外，中間使用過程應思考如何將產品做最有效的利用以達到環境的永續性，此即為產品服務系統(Product Service System, PSS)的概念所在。目前在日常生活中雖已出現很多PSS的服務，但仍有不少產品尚未服務化或是找到其他服務化的方式，為研究哪種產品較適合何種服務類型，本研究蒐集並篩選出四十七個PSS案例，使用案例式推理法(Case Based Reasoning, CBR) 結合模糊層級分析法(Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Approach, FAHP)建構PSS策略選定之輔助工具，提供新PSS設計前初步建議策略，幫助設計者能更快速地設計新PSS，最後利用四個新案例來說明此PSS策略選定輔助工具的可用性及合理性，提供市面上其他產品以服務取代單純銷售產品的一個方向，減少物質浪費和實踐環境永續發展的理念。

Following the trend of environmental consciousness, how to protect the environment is getting more and more important. From the viewpoint of the product, in addition to adopt the green concept, such as: easy to take apart, recycle it and doing the product recycling well in design stage, in the middle stage, we should also think about it: how to make efficient use of the product to gain environmental sustainability. It is a concept about Product Service Systems (PSS).
Now it has a lot of service about PSS in our life, but there still have many product which is not find their service way. In order to do the research about what kind of product is suitable for what kind of service, this research glean and sift it out a 47 PSS examples.
Using Case Based Reasoning (CBR) and combine with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Approach (FAHP) to construct an assist tool about PSS strategy. Then provide a new initial advice strategy before design, to help designer enable to design new PSS quickly. Finally, use these four new examples to explain usability and rationality about the PSS strategy assist tool. Providing another product to replace a simple way to sell product with service, to reduce material waste and practice the concept about environmental sustainability.

英文部份
1.Aamodt, A., Plaza, E., “Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches,” AI Communications. IOS Press, Vol.7, No.1, 1994, pp. 39-59.
2.Aha, D.W. (1998), “The Omnipresence of Case-Based Reasoning in Science and Application,”Knowledge-Based System, Vol. 11, No.5-6, pp. 261-273.
3.Belecheanu, R., Pawar, K. S., Barson, R. J., Bredehorst, B. & Weber, F.,“The application of case-based reasoning to decision support in new product development,”Integrated Manufacturing, Vol.14, No.1, 2003, pp.36-45.
4.Brill, F. Z., Brown, D. E., and Martin, W. N.. “Fast genetic selection of features for neural network classifiers,” Neural networks, IEEE, Vol.3, No.2, 1992, pp.324-328.
5.Buckley, J.J., “Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol.17, No.3, 1985, pp.343-350.
6.Chang, D. Y., “Applications of extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 95, No.3, 1996, pp. 649-655.
7.Chang, C. L., Cheng, B. W., and Su, J. L., “Using case-based reasoning to establish a continuing care information system of discharge planning,” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.26, No.4, 2004, pp.601-613.
8.Chang, P. C., Wang, Y. W., and Liu, C. H., “Combining SOM and GA-CBR for Flow Time Prediction in Semiconductor Manufacturing Factory,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.4259, 2006, pp.767-775.
9.Chiu, C. C., Chang, P. C., and Chiu, N.H., “A case-based expert support system for due-date assignment in a wafer fabrication factory,” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Vol.14, No.3-4, 2002, pp.287-296.
10.Chiu, C. C., “A case-based customer classification approach for direct marketing,” Expert System with Application, Vol. 22, No.2, 2002, 163-168.
11.Chougule, R.G., and Ravi, B., “Variant process planning of castings using AHP-based nearest neighbour algorithm for case retrieval,” International Journal of Production Research, Vol.43, No.6, 2005, pp.1255-1273.
12.Choy, K. L., Chow, K. H., Moon, K. L., Zeng, X., Lau, H. C. W., Chan, F. T. S., and Ho, G. T. S., “A RFID-case-based sample management system for fashion product development,”Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2008.10.011
13.Cooper, R. G., “Project New Prod： Factors in New Product Success,”European Journal of Marketing, Vol.14, No.5/6, 1980, pp.277-292.
14.Cooper, R. G., Easingwood, C. J., Edgett, S., Kleinschmidt, E. J. and C. Storey, “What Distinguishes the Top Performing New Products in FinancialServices,”Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol.11, No.4, 1994, pp.281-299.
15.Crawford, C. M., “New Product Management,”4th ed., Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Burr Ridge, Illinois, 1994.
16.Edgett, S., and Parkinson, S., “The Development of New Financial Services:Identifying Determinants of Success and Failure,” International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol.5, No.4, 1994, pp.24-38.
17.Grann , D., “Extensions of the Multiple Criteria Analysis Methods of T. L. Saaty ,” National Institute for Water Supply, Vocrburg, Nthtelands, 1980.
18.Goedkoop, M. J. et. al., “Product Service Systems, Ecological and Economic Basics,” Report for the Dutch ministries of Environment (VROM) and Economic Affairs (EZ), 1999.
19.Ho, C. T., “Integration of Case-Based Reasoning Systems for Collaborative New Product Development,” Management of Innovation and Technology, ICMIT, 4th IEEE International Conference on, 2008, .362-367.
20.Hsu, H. M., and Chen C. T., “Fuzzy hierarchical weight analysis model for multicriteria decision problem,”Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1994, pp. 129-136.
21.Hwang, S. S., Shin, T., and Han, I.,“CRAS-CBR: Internal control risk assessment system using case-based reasoning,” Expert systems, Vol.21, No.1, 2004, pp.22-33.
22.Hui, S. C., Fong, A.C., and Jha, G.,“A web-based intelligent fault diagnosis system for customer service support,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol.14, No.4, 2001, pp.537-548
23.Jarmulak, J., Craw, S., and Rowe, R., “Genetic Algorithms to Optimize CBR Retrieval,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.1898, 2000, pp.159-194.
24.Jung, S., Lim, T., Kim, D.,“Integrating radial basis function networks with case-based reasoning for product design,”Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.36, No.3, 2009, pp.5695-5701.
25.Kang, M. J., and Wimmer, R., “Product service systems as systemic cures for obese consumption and production,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.16, No.11, 2008, pp.1146-1152.
26.Kelly, J. D., and Davis, L., “A hybrid genetic algorithm for classification,” International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1991, pp.645-650.
27.Kim, K. J., “Toward Global Optimization of Case-Based Reasoning Systems for Financial Forecasting” Applied Intelligence, Vol.21, No.3, 2004, pp.239-249.
28.Kolodner, J., and Simpson, R. L., “Case-Based Reasoning, “Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., 1993.
29.Kolter, P., “A Framework for Marketing Management,” Person Education Taiwan Co., 2001.
30.Laarhoven, P. J. M., and Pedrycz, W., “A Fuzzy Extention of Satty’s Priority theory”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 11, No.1-3, 1983, pp.229-241.
31.Mont, O., “Clarifying the Concept of Product Service System,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.10, No.3, 2002, pp.237-245.
32.Mont, O. “Product-service systems: Panacea or myth?,” Doctoral Dissertation, Lund University, Sweden., 2004
33.Morelli, N., “Developing new product service systems (PSS): methodologies and operational tools,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.14, No.17, 2006, pp.1495-1501.
34.Park, C. S., and Han, I., “A case-based reasoning with the feature weights derived by analytic hierarchy process for bankruptcy prediction,” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.23, No.3, 2002, pp.255-264.
35.Riesbeck, C. K., Schank, R. C., “Inside Case-Based Reasoning,’’ NJ: Erlbaum, Northvale, 1989.
36.Roy, R., “Sustainable Product Service Systems,” Futures, Vol.32, No.3-4, 2000, pp.289-299.
37.Saaty, T. L.,“The Analytic Hierarchy Process,” Mc-Hill, New York, 1980.
38.Schank, R. C. and Abelson, R. P., “Scripts, Plans, Goal and Understanding’’ Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ., 1977.
39.Schank, R.,“Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People,” Cambridge University Press, 1983.
40.Shin, K. and Han, I.,“Case-based reasoning supported by genetic algorithms for corporate bond rating ,” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.16, No.2, 1999, pp.85-95.
41.Storey, C. and Easingwood,　C. J., “The Impact of the New Product Development Projects on　the Success of Financial Services,” The Service Industries Journal,　Vol.13, No.3, 1993, pp.40-54.
42.Storey, C. and Easingwood,　C. J.　“Determinants of New Product performance: A Study in　the Financial Service Sector,” International Journal of Service Industry　Management, Vol.7, No.1, 1996, pp.32-55.
43.Tukker, A., “Eight types of product service system: eight ways to sustainability? Experiences from suspronet,” Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol.13, No.4, 2004, pp.246-260.
44.Vargas, J. E. and Raj, S., “Developing maintainable expert system using case-based reasoning,”Expert System, Vol.10, No.4, 1993, pp.219-225.
45.Watson, I., “Applying Case-based reasoning: techniques for enterprise systems. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, ” 1998.
46.White, A. L., Stoughton, M. and Feng, L., “Servicizing: The Quiet Transition to Extended Product Responsibility,” Boston: Tells Institute, 1999.
47.Williams, A., “Product service systems in the automobile industry: contribution to system innovation?” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.15, No.11-12, 2007, pp.1093-1103.
48.Wong, M. T. N., “Implementation of innovative product service systems in the consumer goods industry,’’ Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy, January, 2004.
49.Wilke, W., and Bergmann, R., “Techniques and Knowledge Used for Adaptation during Case-Based Problem Solving,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.1416, 1998, pp.497-506.
50.Wu, M. C., Lo, Y. F., and Hsu, S. H., “A case-based reasoning approach to generating new product ideas,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.30, No.1-2, 2006, pp. 166–173.
51.Wu, M. C., Lo, Y. F., and Hsu, S. H.,“A fuzzy CBR technique for generating product ideas,” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.34, No.1, 2008, pp.530-540.
52.Yang, X. et. al., “A practical methodology for realizing product service systems for consumer products,’’ Journal of Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol.56, No.1, 2008, pp.224-235.
53.Yager, R.R., “On the general class of fuzzy connectives,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 4, No.3, 1980, pp.235-242
54.Yuan, F. C., and Chiu, C. C., “A hierarchical design of case-based reasoning in the balanced scorecard application,” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.36, No.1, 2007, pp.333-342.
55.Zahedi, F., “Fuzzy sets,” Information and Control, Vol.8, No.3, 1965, pp.338-353.
中文部份
1.Hisrich, R. D. and Peters M. P.,著，林隆儀、羅文坤、鄭英傑合譯， 「新產品行銷策略」，清華管理科學圖書中心，1986
2.任賢旺、黃憲仁，「新產品開發與銷售」，憲業企管顧問有限公司，2006
3.劉賓陽，「作業管理」，三民書局，2000
4.王文祥，「認識Fuzzy-第三版」，全華書局，2007
5.王文娟等人，「產品服務化對資源使用效率提升之探討」，行政院環保署計畫，2007
6.詹國良，「案例式推理於企業信用評等決策之輔助應用」，國立成功大學工業管理研究所碩士論文，2002
7.羅應浮，「產品創新輔助系統的開發」，國立交通大學工業工程與管理研究所博士論文，2006
網站部份
1.Adorn Brides Inc.
http://www.adornbrides.com/
2.AFR Furniture rental Inc.
http://www.qualityrentals-rto.com/
3.Appliance Warehouse Inc.
http://www.appliancewhse.com/about-appliance-warehouse.asp
4.Azuma Inc.
http://www.azuma.com/about.asp
5.Bag Borrow or Steal Inc.
http://www.bagborroworsteal.com/ui/welcome
6.Bag Anonymous Inc.
http://www.baganonymous.com/page.php?id=6
7.Beyondmoseying Inc.
http://www.beyondmoseying.com/index.html
8.Blockbuster Taiwan
http://www.blockbuster.com.tw/About.aspx
9.Blockbuster Inc.
http://www.blockbuster.com./
10.Bling Yourself Inc.
https://www.blingyourself.com/
11.Borrow My Handbags Inc.
http://www.borrowmyhandbag.com/
12.Brook Furniture Rental
http://www.bfr.com/index.asp
13.Cass Jewelers Inc.
http://www.cassjewelers.com/index.php
14.Cesar’s Shoe Repair Inc.
http://www.cesarsshoerepair.com/Bag_Repair.php
15.Color Tyme Inc.
http://www.colortyme.com/
16.CORT
http://www.cort.com/
17.E-Z Rental
http://www.e-zrental.biz/#
18.E-z Wahser Dryer Leasing, Inc.
http://www.ezleasingtexas.com/index.php
19.eXercise Rental Inc.
http://www.exerciserental.com/catalog/index.php?cPath=21
20.Fast-Fix Inc.
http://www.fastfix.com/scottsdale/home.htm
21.Game Fly
http://www.gamefly.com/
22.Goldsteins Jewelry Inc.
http://www.goldsteinsjewelry.com/index-2.html
23.Hallak Cleaner Inc.
http://hallak.com/
24.iVideo
http://www.ivideo.com.tw/
25.Leather Clinic Inc.
http://www.leatherclinic.com/
26.Lovin My Bags Inc.
http://www.lovinmybags.com/index.html
27.Methodology for Product Service Systems (MePSS) http://www.ecobalance.com/document/MEPSS_EDF_Case_Study.pdf
28.Mejeco Inc.
http://www.mejeco.com/index.html
29.Navarra’s Inc.
http://www.navarras.com/index.html
30.Pristine Leather Care Inc. http://www.pristineleathercare.com/Handbag_Cleaning_Services.html
31.Props for today Inc.
http://www.propsfortoday.com/index.php
32.Quality Rentals Inc.
http://www.qualityrentals-rto.com/
33.Rave Fabir Care Inc.
http://www.ravefabricare.com/index.aspx
34.Rent Fitness Equipment Inc.
http://www.rentfitnessequipment.com/contact.htm
35.Rent a Center
http://www6.rentacenter.com/site/page/pg4285.html
36.Sparkle N Dazzle Inc.
http://www.sndgems.com/
37.YellowStone Watch Inc.
http://www.yellowstonewatch.com/
38.亞藝國際股份有限公司
http://www.asia1.com.tw/
39.漫畫王
http://web4u.idv.tw/comic01/a01.html
40.錦城漫畫影音租售館
http://www.k-c.com.tw/main_k-c_main.asp
41.Skysoft願境網訊股份有限公司
http://www.skysoft.com.tw/
42.MagV線上閱讀網
http://tw.magv.com/
43.iKala網站
http://www.ikala.tv/
44.iSing99愛唱久久網站
http://ising99.hinet.net/index.htm
45.Kara24H。K歌王網站
http://tw.kara24h.com/#this
46.蘋果電腦
http://www.apple.com/tw/
47.中華電信MOD
http://mod.cht.com.tw/
48.研勤科技股份有限公司-PAPAGO
http://www.papago.com.tw/
49.Urmap網站
http://www.urmap.com/
50.MSN網站
http://msn.com.tw/
51.Yahoo網站
http://yahoo.com.tw/
52.Now news今日新聞網
http://www.nownews.com/
53.iGoogle網站
http://www.google.com/ig
54.聯瑩國際有限公司
http://www.ly168s.com/default.asp
55.美太實業公司
http://www.pathfinder.com.tw/aboutus.htm
56.居家洗衣坊
http://www.washking.com.tw/new_page_14.htm
57.恩光優質洗衣
http://www.n-k.com.tw/index.asp
58.豪麗乾洗名店
http://www.howly.com.tw/index.htm
59.都會屋婆網
http://www.citymaid.tw/
60.魔法媽咪家事服務公司
http://www.magicmame.com.tw/html/service.htm
61.Duskin樂清服務有限公司
http://www.duskin.com.tw/
62.禾悅專業影像服務中心
http://www.hoyueh.com.tw/01_about.html
63.SoFohk production Live攝影服務
http://www.sofohk.com/index.php
64.大頭影室
http://www.cylnet.com/index.html
65.行政院財物標準分類(有最低耐用年限規定)
http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=18688&ctNode=259