台東縣海端鄉利稻村西北方2公里處，賦存數量龐大的雲母礦，由絹雲母、葉蠟石、石英所組成，是台灣地區唯一自片岩中生產雲母粉之礦區，儲量推算有3000萬公噸，可開採量約為1500萬公噸，是台灣地區最具有經濟價值的工業礦物之一。雲母粉粒徑細於400號篩，礦物組成以絹雲母及葉蠟石為主，絹雲母含量約60%，葉蠟石約40%。
本研究以雲母粉為原料，混合碳酸鈉、硫粉及活性碳，在不同容積坩堝中進行合成群青試驗。根據試驗結果可得以下結論：
1.改變原料混合方式，對產物晶相無影響，均可短時間製備出群青。
2.擴大試驗結果顯示，反應時間與生產量呈正比關係，有助硫離子氧化並進入青金石結構，提高色彩屬性。
3.原料造粒後煅燒，產物色彩性質趨向穩定。
4.原料造粒有助於生產擴大化。
5.最佳之生產條件為1000 ml坩堝，800℃，球粒3 cm之色彩屬性為彩度37.8，明度36.3，色相267.1 o。
6.料/空間比為92.4%，800℃，煅燒12 hr，最佳色彩屬性為38.1，明度37.1，色相265.7 o。

A huge amount of mica deposit is located at about 2 kiloments in the northwest of Li-Dao Village, Hai-Duan Township, Taitung County. The compositions are sericite, pyrophyllite and quartz. In the R.O.C., this is the only mica mined from schists. The reserves are estimated to be 30 million tones. The recoverable amount is about 15 million tones. It is one of the valuable industrial minerals of R.O.C. The particle size of mica is finer than 400 mesh. The mineral compositions are 60% sericite and 401% pyrophyllite.
The natural blue ultramarine is composed mainly of the mineral lazurite. Lazurite is in the isometric system, with complete cleavage at (110) surface, uneven fracture, hardness is 5 to 5.5, the density 2.38 ~ 2.45. In the flame test, it will show a strong yellow light, which is the emitted spectrum of Na+. The appearance of lazurite is blue-green crystals with rhombic dodecahedron crystals. Lazurite has the sodalite cage. The basic structure is that Si4+ and Al3+ ions forming the β cage structure. In the center, is the S3- anionic ion. The Na+ and other cations are en the lattice to maintain charge balance.
In this study, mica powders are used as the raw material, which was mixed with sodium carbonate, sulfur powder and activated carbon to synthesize blue ultramarine. Two approaches were tested in the synthesis of ultramarine. The first is dry mixing of mica powder with proportional sodium carbonate, sulfur powder and activated carbon. After mixing, the mixture was put into an alumina crucible, with a cover. The calcination of the raw materials was executed in a high temperature furnace. The second is wet mixing of mica, sulfur and activated carbon powders with fixed volume of sodium carbonate solution. The slurry was dried at 95℃ in an oven to remove excess water. The dried block was broken into fines pieces and put in an alumina crucible with cover, then calcined with the same conditions as the dry route. Three volumes of crucibles were tested.
The results of mixing experiments show: when the calcination time is less than1 hr, the mineral phases appeared were lazurite and minute amount nepheline. When calcination time is longer than 1 hr, the mineral phase is lazurite completely. Nepheline disappeared. It seems that the way of mixing does not affect the product phases.
At the calcination temperature, if no holding time, sulfur cannot enter the lattice. The chroma of the products is low, about 20 to 25; the hue is blue-green. When holding time was increased to 0.5 hr, it ensured more sulfur ions diffusing into the lattice. The chroma was increased to 30 and above. The hue changed to blue, but the lightness was more than 40, making the appearance of the product to be pale blue.
For the samples of dry mixing, the holding time must be as long as 1-10 hr to obtain chroma of 30-35. Hue changed from blue to green and again to blue. Lightness changed from 57.31 down to 38.93. The best conditions are: calcination temperature 800℃, holding time 10 hr. The chroma is 33.20, lightness 38.93 and hue 258.9 o.
For the samples of wet mixing, the holding time can be shortened to 1-4 hr. The chroma of the products is 30-35. Hue changed from blue to green. Lightness is 36.08. When holding time is increased to longer than 4 hr, chroma increased to 37.89, hue shifted to blue, but the lightness also increased to 50 and above. The colors of the products are pale blue. The best holding time is 1 hr, the chroma of the product is 34.39, lightness 39.82 and hue 258.5 o.
For samples of dry mixing, the holding time must be longer than 10 hrs, to obtain blue ultramarine. In the experiments of shorter holding times, the washing solution showed colors of yellow and green. It is an evidence of sulfide ions not diffusing into the structure of lazurite and making the powder appearance to be green and blue-green. For samples of wet mixing, the only case with yellow washing solution is the one of no holding time. With holding time of 1 hr, the washing solutions are colorless, that is the sulfide ions have entered into the structure of lazurite.
The results of mixing methods show that dry mixing does not give uniform mixed state, so that the holding time have to be longer than 10 hr to get best color. While wet mixing method is effective, so that 1 hr holding time is enough to obtain the best color of ultramarine blue. Improving the mixing procedures can decrease holding time and enhance products quality.
According to the experiment results the following conclusions can be drawn:
1.Changing the way of raw materials mixing from dry to wet can shorten the holding time of ultramarine manufacture.
2.The results of scale-up experiments show that the reaction time must be increased proportionally to the production scale so as to promote the oxidation of sulfide ions and diffuse into lazurite’s structure and improving the color.
3.The granulation of raw materials before calcination improves and stabilizes the color properties of the product.
4.Granulation of the raw materials is critical to the scale-up of production.
5.The optimum conditions for 1000 ml crucible are: calcination temperature 800 ℃, holding time 12 hr, granule size 3 cm. The product has chroma 37.8, lightness 36.3 and hue 267.1o.
6.For material/space ratio 92.4%, the optimum conditions are: calcination temperature 800℃, holding time 12 hr. The product has chroma 38.1, lightness 37.1 and hue 265.7o.

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