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研究生: 陳怡菁
Chen, I-Ching
論文名稱: 從熱舒適度探討辦公建築物之空調節能策略
The energy saving strategies for the HVAC of the commercial building from the perspective of thermal comfort
指導教授: 馮重偉
Feng, Chung-Wei
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 78
中文關鍵詞: 熱舒適度節能策略計算流體力學建築資訊模型
外文關鍵詞: PMV, energy saving strategy, CFD, BIM
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  • 為了能讓室內活動在舒適的環境下進行,空調是不可或缺的設計。然而空調耗電量大且影響因素複雜,包括氣候、建築外殼設計、空間活動區劃及空調設備效能等。目前的空調改善策略主要偏向於將老舊的空調主機汰換或改善建築外遮陽,但此等計劃會導致初期投資成本過大且回收期較長,往往使業主無力負擔,若是藉由日常操作之調整,導入良好之空調運轉策略,便能在不影響工作環境之情況下,降低空調系統之用電量,透過此方法將有效達成節能之目的。但進行節能評估之研究時,若未討論其對於舒適度之影響,可能造成產生節能卻不舒適的狀態,因此本研究以改善熱舒適度為前提進行分析。
    本研究首先經由相關文獻的蒐集,選定「夜間通風」及「預冷式空調」兩種不同運轉策略進行比較。藉由電腦模擬分析,首先使用建築環境性能分析軟體模擬建築熱環境之內容及其空調系統耗電量,再以計算流體力學軟體確認室內熱舒適度,並經由驗證過程確認軟體之準確度及信賴度。本研究選取多種策略參數,對空調系統進行營運分析,最後比較全年舒適度及空調用電量之相對關係,選取符合改善熱舒適度前提下,節能效益最大之策略,最後找出各個月分最節能之空調策略。
    經由案例之結果顯示,本研究透過室內熱舒適度的模擬及空調策略的評估,比較出各種策略變數對於熱舒適度及空調耗電量的影響,建立了一套適用於辦公建築空調系統改善之模擬系統,而此系統可以提供給使用者更舒適及更節能之空調使用策略,並作為後續規劃之依據。

    The HVAC system is designed to provide a comfortable environment. However, the performance of HVAC system is easily influenced by several factors, such as climate, building envelope design, space activities, zoning and HVAC equipment. Replacing the host or improving the external shading device is now the most widely used strategies to enhance the HVAC system. However, the cost of replacing the new equipment could be high and can only be justified in the long period of time. Therefore, a more cost effective strategy should be developed to efficiently reduce the energy consumption of HVAC system.
    This research simulates and analyzes energy saving strategies according to improving the comfortable degree of people in office building. Strategies can be divided into Pre-cooling and Night Purge. At first, the study identifies a variety of parameters and hybridizes ECOTECT with Simulation CFD to simulate the performances of the two strategies in terms of energy saving. Then those strategies are analyzed to provide the minimal monthly energy consumption. The optimal overall yearly HAVC operating strategy is developed to provide the minimum energy consumption.
    Finally, this research developed a simulate mechanism to predict the performance of the HVAC system in the office building. It can provide users to develop different electricity utilization policies in accordance of both energy saving and comfort.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 V 表目錄 VII 圖目錄 VIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍 4 1.4 研究方法與流程 4 1.5 論文內容與架構 7 第二章 研究問題陳述與文獻回顧 8 2.1 研究問題陳述 8 2.2 室內熱舒適標準 9 2.3 建築資訊模型 15 2.4 節能策略擬定 17 第三章 空調系統環境模擬 18 3.1 Ecotect概述 18 3.1.1 耗能模擬軟體比較 18 3.1.2 Ecotect 簡介 19 3.2 計算流體力學介紹 20 3.2.1 CFD數值模擬應用在室內流場及熱舒適 22 3.3 Simulation CFD模擬軟體概述 24 3.3.1 Simulation CFD 簡介 24 3.3.2 舒適度分析模擬之流程 25 3.4 空調運轉策略之建立 26 3.4.1 預冷式空調 26 3.4.2 夜間通風 27 第四章 空調節能模型建構 30 4.1 案例分析之建立與簡化 30 4.1.1 案例背景 30 4.1.2 案例之BIM模型 31 4.1.3 案例模擬流程架構 33 4.2 Ecotect 模擬 35 4.2.1 Ecotect模擬方法與流程 35 4.2.2 Ecotect模擬操作之建立 38 4.2.3模擬限制條件 40 4.3 CFD模擬 42 4.3.1 CFD模擬條件設定 42 4.4 模擬分析準確性之驗證 45 4.4.1 驗證Simulation CFD模擬軟體準確性的步驟與計畫 45 第五章 案例驗證與策略分析 48 5.1 一般運轉模式之模擬 48 5.2預冷式空調策略對空調耗電之影響 52 5.2.1 預冷式空調之概念 52 5.2.2 預冷式空調之應用 52 5.3 夜間通風策略對空調耗電之影響 60 5.3.1 夜間通風之概念 60 5.3.2 夜間通風之應用 60 5.4 節能策略分析 68 5.5 小結 69 第六章 結論與建議 70 6.1 結論 70 6.2 未來研究方向與建議 71 參考文獻 73

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    參考網站
    [1] 經濟部能源局網站 http://www.moeaboe.gov.tw

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