人類長期的土地開發往往影響自然資源，導致棲地退化與物種多樣性減少，進而威脅生態系統的穩定性。本研究旨在整合水域魚群的棲息地偏好，並結合當地土地利用與治水工程的影響，分析魚群對環境變遷的反應，最後透過評估局部棲息地的變化，客觀的描述魚群的需求，為未來的生態保育與環境改善提供科學依據，促進更友善的水域管理策略。
本研究位於屏東縣五溝水的三個水域區域(水門區、屋背溝區、下游區)，透過長期的調查數據和環境變化的整合，觀察魚群對環境變遷的反應。使用魚群作為分析對象，可以更廣泛的反應物種間的生態模式及環境變化，有助於更加全面的了解水域生態系統。本研究以功能群將魚種以四個功能特徵進行分類，分別代表了魚種的食性、棲息水層、游泳能力和體型大小；並另外使用主成分分類則代表水域中的重要魚種，包括短吻紅斑吻鰕虎(Rhinogobius rubromaculatus)與半紋小鲃(Puntius semifasciolatus)等。透過水深、水質等環境參數代表在時空上的環境的變動，例如下游區的擾動使導電度變化，屋背溝區及水門區的土地利用類型導致酸鹼度不同。最後利用廣義線性模型將魚群與環境參數連結，這種模式的優點在於適用大部分資料，並用逐步推論方法選出對魚群而言重要的參數。
結論顯示三個水域中的魚類功能群落各有不同的棲地偏好條件，結合各魚群與相關的環境參數進行討論，解釋魚類密度如何跟著與水域周邊的環境，又或是魚群本身的適應能力和耐受性導致其差異微小，並進一步探討魚群應對環境變遷的方式。

Human land development has long impacted natural resources, leading to habitat degradation and reduced species diversity, threatening ecosystem stability. This study integrates fish habitat preferences with local land use and water management effects to analyze fish responses to environmental changes. We provide scientific insights for ecological conservation and sustainable aquatic management by assessing habitat shifts.
Conducted in three regions of Wu Gou Shui, Pingtung( Watergate Wubeigou, and Downstream), this study uses long-term data to examine fish-environment interactions. Fish species were classified into functional groups based on feeding habits, swimming ability, and habitat preference. Key species, including Rhinogobius rubromaculatus and Puntius semifasciolatus, were identified using principal component analysis. Environmental parameters such as water depth and pH variations were analyzed, with a generalized linear model (GLM) linking fish distribution to key environmental factors.
Results show distinct habitat preferences among fish assemblages, influenced by local conditions and species adaptability. This study highlights how fish populations respond to environmental changes, offering valuable insights for conservation and sustainable water resource management.

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