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研究生：	黃信凱 Hung, Sing-kao
論文名稱：	產品變異對生命週期評估影響之研究 The Study of Influence by Variations of Product during Life Cycle Assessment Processes
指導教授：	陳家豪 Chen, Ja-hau Lewis
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2003
畢業學年度：	91
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	99
中文關鍵詞：	不確定性、產品變異、生命週期評估
外文關鍵詞：	LCA, uncertainty, variations of product
相關次數：	點閱：108 下載：4
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產品的生命週期包括材料、製造、運輸、使用與廢棄回收等階段。通盤考慮產品生命週期的各個階段對環境所造成的衝擊並將其量化，即為『生命週期評估』(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)。然而在生命週期評估中，資料品質的限制與不確定性的難以評估卻是長久以來一直存在的問題。而現有的不確定性評估方式，則多在討論生命週期盤查時引用的資料庫品質與盤查分析過程所造成的不確定性。
本研究提出一估算產品的變異對產品生命週期評估結果影響的方法，此方法中將假設以能得到的最適合的盤查資料庫的情形下，利用SimaPro生命週期評估軟體，先計算產品在各生命週期間對各類環境衝擊效應評價後的指標。再考量產品本身的變異情形，建立產品生命週期各階段的不確定性因子。以不確定性因子的變異程度與對生命週期評估的敏感度，來求出產品變異對生命週期評估結果的公差範圍。

The life cycle of a product including material, manufacture, assembly, transportation, use and end of life treatments (recycle or disposal). Comprehensively consider all life cycle stages of product and quantity its impact on the environment is called life cycle assessment (LCA). Limitations of data quality and difficulties to assess uncertainty are long since acknowledged problems in LCA. The existing uncertainty assessment methods are most in discussing the uncertainty that cause by the quality of database and process in life cycle inventory.
In this research, a method for calculating the influence by variation of product during LCA processes is proposed. The commercial packaged LCA software, SimaPro, is selected for the performance of life cycle assessment. It uses the indicator after evaluating the impact on various environmental effects in life cycle stage. Considering the variations of product, one can build the uncertainty factor of each phase in life cycle of product. Assessing the degree of the uncertainty factor and its sensitivity information to LCA result. One can use this method to find the range of tolerance by variation of product during life cycle assessment process.

摘要......................................................i
英文摘要.................................................ii
誌謝....................................................iii
目錄.....................................................iv
表目錄...................................................ix
圖目錄..................................................xii
第一章　緒論..............................................1
　　1-1　前言.............................................1
　　1-2　文獻回顧.........................................2
　　1-3　研究目的.........................................3
　　1-4　本文架構.........................................4
第二章　生命週期評估......................................5
    2-1  概述.............................................5
　　2-2　生命週期評估方法.................................5
　　2-3　目標與範疇界定...................................6
　　2-4　生命週期盤查.....................................7
　　2-5　環境衝擊評估.....................................9
　　  2-5-1　環境衝擊指標................................10
　　  2-5-2　綜合環境衝擊指標............................11
　　    2-5-1-1　Eco-indicator 95方法....................11
　　    2-5-1-2　Eco-indicator 99方法....................13
    2-6  生命週期闡釋....................................14
    2-7  生命週期評估中的不確定性........................15
    2-8　生命週期評估不確定性的已發展方法................17
　    2-8-1　改善資料品質與資料適用性....................18
　    2-8-2　敏感度分析..................................20
　2-8-3　不確定性的分析..................................21
第三章  產品變異對生命週期評估的影響.....................25
    3-1  產品變異產生的不確定性..........................25
    3-2  產品變異產生的不確定性之評估方法................28
    3-3  盤查資料庫的數據敏感度..........................29
    3-4  產品生命週期的不確定性因子與評估方案............30
      3-4-1  使用原料....................................30
        3-4-1-1  不確定性因子............................30
        3-4-1-2  評估方案與數學模型......................31
      3-4-2  製程........................................32
        3-4-2-1  不確定性因子............................32
        3-4-2-2  評估方案與數學模型......................32
      3-4-3  運輸........................................33
        3-4-3-1  不確定性因子............................33
        3-4-3-2  評估方案與數學模型......................34
      3-4-4  使用期間....................................34
        3-4-4-1  不確定性因子............................34
        3-4-4-2  評估方案與數學模型......................35
      3-4-5  廢棄回收階段................................36
        3-4-5-1  不確定性因子............................36
        3-4-5-2  評估方案與數學模型......................37
    3-5  產品變異對生命週期評估的影響....................38
第四章  實例應用.........................................40
    4-1  案例一：家用濾式咖啡機的生命週期評估變異分析....40
      4-1-1  產品基本資料................................40
      4-1-2  產品的生命週期..............................42
      4-1-3  產品生命週期評估............................44
    4-2  咖啡機產品變異分析..............................45
      4-2-1  使用原料階段................................46
        4-2-1-1  材料數據標準差..........................46
        4-2-1-2  材料的敏感度與變異值....................48
      4-2-2  製程階段....................................51
        4-2-2-1  製程數據標準差..........................51
        4-2-2-2  製程的敏感度與變異值....................52
      4-2-3  運輸階段....................................53
        4-2-3-1  運輸階段的標準差........................53
        4-2-3-2  運輸階段的敏感度與變異值................54
      4-2-4  使用期間....................................56
        4-2-4-1  使用期間的標準差........................56
        4-2-4-2  使用期間的敏感度與變異值................57
      4-2-5  廢棄回收階段................................58
        4-2-5-1  廢棄回收階段的標準差....................58
        4-2-5-2  廢棄回收階段的敏感度與變異值............58
      4-2-6  變異值分析..................................60
    4-3  案例二：滑鼠的生命週期評估變異分析..............66
      4-3-1  產品基本資料................................66
      4-3-2  產品的生命週期..............................68
      4-3-3  產品生命週期評估............................70
    4-4  咖啡機產品變異分析..............................71
      4-4-1  使用原料階段................................72
        4-4-1-1  材料數據標準差..........................72
        4-4-1-2  材料的敏感度與變異值....................73
      4-4-2  製程階段....................................75
        4-4-2-1  製程數據標準差..........................75
        4-4-2-2  製程的敏感度與變異值....................75
      4-4-3  運輸階段....................................77
        4-4-3-1  運輸階段的標準差........................77
        4-4-3-2  運輸階段的敏感度與變異值................78
      4-4-4  使用期間....................................79
        4-4-4-1  使用期間的標準差........................79
        4-4-4-2  使用期間的敏感度與變異值................80
      4-4-5  廢棄回收階段................................81
        4-4-5-1  廢棄回收階段的標準差....................81
        4-4-5-2  廢棄回收階段的敏感度與變異值............82
      4-4-6  變異值分析..................................83
第五章  結論與建議.......................................89
    5-1  結論............................................89
    5-2  建議............................................90
參考文獻.................................................92
自述.....................................................99
                                    

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