近十年來隨著天災人禍的頻繁發生,各單位對於緊急事件管理的需求也逐漸提升。在災害發生的情況底下，道路中的車流特性將與平時不同，例如：車隊回堵、路網過飽和以及極端交通需求等等。有鑑於此，有關當局應建立一個有效的緊急疏散管理計畫以提升緊急疏散效率及安全性。過去許多研究已致力於緊急疏散策略及政策，例如：路徑導引、號誌控制、匝道控制以及調撥車道等等。然而，各別的控制策略並無法使路網達到最高的疏散效率。
本研究針對緊急疏散狀況下，提出一以交通流理論為基礎的整合型交通控制數學規劃模式，並分別以在固定時間內最大化路網流出量以及最小化路網中的車輛延滯做為模式之目標式，透過考慮不同的交通管理策略，包括匝道儀控、號誌時制設計以及調撥車道，達到整體模式之最佳化並求得最佳控制策略。在數值實驗中，本研究使用套裝軟體GAMS進行混和整數非線性規劃之求解，並以一實際路網高雄市運輸走廊路網進行探討與分析，設計不同的實驗情境分別進行討論，並將透過交通指派模擬軟體DynaTAIWAN模擬路網績效。期許能提供有關當局對於緊急疏散交通控制策略研擬之參考。

The needs for emergency operations are arising due to the nature disasters and man-made disasters increasing in decades. Traffic flow characteristics under disasters such as queue spill-back, over-congestion, unbalance flows, etc., are different from normal situations. As a result, there is an urgent and indispensable need for relevant authorities to look for ways to manage the evacuation traffic efficiency and effectiveness in a time-dependent manner.
Lots of researches put great efforts on the emergency evacuation and policy issues in the past decades. Possible concepts of evacuation, such as route guidance, signal control, ramp control and contraflow lane have been discussed. However, an integrated optimal evacuation traffic control strategy covers a widely traffic corridor have not be well developed.
This research aims to develop an integrated traffic control mathematical model based on traffic flow theory in an over-congested traffic corridor under evacuation. The objectives of mathematical model are to maximize the total throughputs and minimize the vehicles queues in the network in a period of time. Several control strategies including ramp metering, signal timing design and contraflow are optimized by the model to alleviate traffic congestion and improve efficiency on the traffic corridors under evacuation. In this research, the contraflow lanes are considered lane by lane, which can increase the road capacity for the evacuate way to relief congestions of the network.
In the numerical experiments, package software GAMS are used to solve the optimal solutions of a mix-integer nonlinear programming. Several scenarios apply in the basic network and the Kaohsiung network are studied. The performance of the model is evaluated by a traffic simulator, DynaTAIWAN. From the result of experiments, the control policies and evacuation plans are recommended for authorities.

1. Brian, W. B., Hamilton, E. U., Levitan, M. and Wilmot, C. (2005) “Review of Policies and Practices for Hurricane Evacuation II: Traffic Operations, Management, and Control,” Natural Hazards Review, Vol. 143, No. 6, pp. 143-161.
2. Chiu, Y.C. and Mirchandani, P. B., (2008) “Online Behavior-Robust Feedback Information Routing Strategy for Mass Evacuation,” IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 264-274.
3. Carlson, R. C., Papamichail, I., Papageorgiou, M. and Messmer, A. (2010) “Optimal Motorway Traffic Flow Control Involving Variable Speed Limits and Ramp Metering,” Transportation Science, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 238-253.
4. Chang, S. J. (2012), ” An Optimal Control Model for Integrated Traffic Corridor Management,” Master dissertation, Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC.
5. Deflorio, F. P. (2003) “Evaluation of a Reactive Dynamic Route Guidance Strategy,” Transportation Research Part C, Vol. 11, pp. 375–388.
6. Duanmu, J., Taaffe, K. M., Chowdhury, M. and Robinson, R. M. (2012) “Simulation Analysis for Evacuation Under Congested Traffic Scenarios: A Case Study,” Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International, Vol. 88, No. 11, pp. 1379-1389.
7. Kim, S., Shekher, S. and Min, M. (2008) “Contraflow Transportation Network Reconfiguration for Evacuation Route Planning,” IEEE Transportations on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 1115-1129.
8. Kalafatas, G. And Peeta, S. (2009) “Planning For Evacuation: Insights From An Efficient Network Design Model,” Journal of Infrastructure Systems Vol. 21, No. 15, pp. 21-30.
9. Liu, H. X., Ban, J. X., Ma, W. and Mirchandani, P. B. (2007) “Model Reference Adaptive Control Framework for Real-Time Traffic Management under Emergency Evacuation,” Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 133, pp. 43-50.
10. Liu, Y. and Luo, Z. (2012) “A Bi-Level Model for Planning Signalized and Uninterrupted Flow Intersections in an Evacuation Network,” Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Vol. 27, pp. 731-747.
11. Pidd, M., De Silva, F. N. and Eglese, R. W. (1996) “A Simulationa Simulation Model for Emergency Evacuation,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 90, pp. 413-419.
12. Papageorgiou, M., Blosseville, J. M. and Salem, H. H. (1989) “Macroscopic Modelling of Traffic Flow on the Boulevard Périphérique in Paris,” Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 29-47.
13. Papageorgiou, M., Blosseville, J. M., Blosseville, J. M. and Salem, H. H. (1990) “Modelling and Realtime Control of Traffic Flow on the Southern Part of Boulevard Peripherique in Paris: Part I: Modelling,” Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 345-359.
14. Papageorgiou, M. and Kotsialos, A. (2002),” A Freeway ramp metering: An overview,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol.3, No.4, pp. 271-281.
15. Papageorgiou, M., Diakaki, C., Dinopoulou, V., Kotsialos, A. and Wang, Y. (2003) “Review of Road Traffic Control Strategies,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 91, No. 12, pp. 2043-2067.
16. Urbina, E. and Wolshon, B. (2003) “National Review of Hurricane Evacuation Plans and Policies: A Comparison and Contrast of State Practices,” Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 37, pp. 257-275.
17. Williams, B. M., Tagliaferri, A. P., Meinhold, S. S., Hummer, J. E. and Rouphail, N. M., (2007) “Simulation and Analysis of Freeway Lane Reversal for Coastal Hurricane Evacuation,” Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 61, No. 133, pp. 61-72.
18. Wu, T.Y. (2010), ”A Study on Intelligent Corridor Management Model,” Master dissertation, Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC.