政府對於生態環境的土地保護管制，常常為了盡量避免限制到私有土地上的經濟活動，因此政策多施行於國有地上，卻往往忽略一大部分與人們活動範圍有著高度重疊的物種，造成私有地上與保育目的不相容的土地使用遭受非議，也引發許多地主往往為了捍衛土地使用權利而不惜發動抗爭，對需要保育的物種抱持著更加敵對的態度，陷入惡性循環。顯見透過一昧地限制人民財產權來達到保育目的並不是長久之計。因此，近期國際間發展出“生態系統服務功能補償(PES)”的新保育模式並被廣泛地運用，主要利用獎勵的方式，鼓勵土地所有者改善土地利用方法以維護和提供生態系統服務，搭配適當的輔助政策，更能改善私有地主對於應保育物種的排斥態度，達到更好的保育效果。
石虎為本研究之研究對象，屬於保育等級第一級「瀕臨絕種」野生動物，主要生存於台灣中西部的淺山地區，近20年來因土地開發造成其族群不斷減少，呼籲政府重視石虎保育的聲音也愈來愈多，但相對也引發部分在地居民的不滿。因此，政府於民國108年運用PES的概念，推出《友善石虎生態服務給付試辦方案》，希望能因此讓在地居民自願做出友善環境、保育石虎的行為，減少對立衝突。
本研究透過問卷調查及深度訪談，從農民的地方依附程度、對於石虎的態度以及保育行為，來看其與參與「友善石虎生態服務給付」意願的關連性，調查民眾對給付方案之接受程度與考量因素。本研究經過分析整理過後，研究結果顯示如下：
一、受訪者參與友善石虎生態服務給付的意願與對石虎的保育態度及保育行為較有關連，呈現顯著正相關。
二、受訪者的背景屬性(性別、年齡、教育程度及居住地等)在四個構面上皆有不同程度的差異。
三、多數受訪者對於《友善石虎生態服務給付試辦方案》並不了解，導致政策施行的成效有限。

As the awareness of environmental protection is gradually rising, the conflicts between development and conservation are becoming more and more frequent. One of Taiwan's endangered animals, Leopard cat, is currently facing this dilemma. To protect the Leopard cats, the Taiwan government has taken many different actions, but none of them have significant results. They have also been opposed by local residents and many parliamentarians because of the economic benefits generated by land development. Therefore, the government recently launched the "Payments for Ecological Services of Leopard Cat Program"(PESLCP) which is expected to encourage local farmers to participate in conservation activities through rewards, and hope to reduce the conflict between local residents and eco-conservation.

This research is mainly conducted by questionnaire and in-depth interviews. By examining the relevance of farmers' local attachment, attitude towards Leopard cat, conservation behavior and their willingness to participate in the "Payments for Ecological Services of Leopard Cat Program", to investigate interviewees' acceptance and consideration factors of the payment scheme. After the analysis, the results are as follows:
1. The willingness of the interviewees in join the PESLCP is more related to the conservation attitude and behavior toward the Leopard cat, which shows a significant positive correlation.
2. The differences in the background (such as gender, age, education level and residence, etc.) of the interviewees will affect the scores of the four dimensions of the questionnaire.
3. Most of the interviewees were not aware of the PESLCP, which led to limited effectiveness of policy implementation.

Finally, according to the research results, some policy recommendations are given.

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