回顧國內相關熱島現象研究，多以尺度較大的土地使用分區和較難完整表述人體熱感知的空氣溫度作為資訊基礎及研究指標進而分析提出論述，因此難以說明不同都市建成環境的微氣候之於人體熱舒適的關聯性。本研究以德國於1970年代開始使用的都市氣候地圖概念為基礎並進行改進，並以台灣台南都會區做為對象進行研究。「都市氣候地圖」是一種整合氣候、都市環境、熱環境、風環境等重要資訊，以網格為基礎，標示都市氣候現象及現存問題的地圖呈現方法。本研究透過ArcGIS工具操作，以長寬50公尺網格格目之「都市氣候地圖」結合現地氣候實測、數值模擬的方式，並以所能代表人體溫度感之溫度指標「生理等效溫度」(Physiological Equivalent Temperature)做為衡量標準，建立一套台灣都市熱環境及風環境氣候圖之標準方法，並透過「都市氣候分析圖」呈現都市中之「熱環境」、「風環境」訊息。此外本研究也以近年熱島研究中對全球城鄉環境類型進行分類的新標準-局部氣候分區(Local Climate Zone)做為研究範圍內的環境分類基礎，取代過去所使用的土地使用分區，重新定義因應氣候環境之都市型態分類，並進行分析歸納研究範圍內各局部氣候分區之生理等效溫度，以利後續在規劃設計上，予以適當局部氣候分區建成型態之建議。
研究結果顯示，不透水率及建築迎風立面係數兩項都市發展因子，影響溫度較其他因子顯著。在熱環境方面，都市中新建成區普遍多呈現強烈熱壓力，部分甚至呈現極端熱壓力如密集商業區與住宅區；學校及公園等開闊且綠化面積較高之土地，在都市中往往多呈現舒適熱壓力之情況。風環境方面，相對通風潛力高的地區多位於順應風向之主要道路的位置，或多位於開闊之場域。而透過與局部氣候分區套疊之歸納結果，顯示未來開發應盡量避免LCZ2 (密集中樓層數建成區)及LCZ3(密集低樓層數建成區)之局部氣候分區型態以避免增加環境熱壓力，在建築覆蓋的密集度與建築樓層數高度的取捨上，本研究亦建議以考量建築密集度為優先考量，較低密集度的建成區型態，有助於緩解都市熱壓力議題。若未來需進行開發，則盡可能採LCZ6 (開放式低樓層數建成區)或LCZ9 (散佈式建成區)之局部氣候分區型態進行。此外，在景觀設計的建議，LCZD (高覆蓋式灌木)及LCZG (水體)也是有助於都市降溫之地景設計型態。
藉由都市氣候地圖集的建立結合局部氣候分區之分析，可提供不同尺度之設計規劃者快速取得相關氣候資訊與建成型態之建議並納入設計規劃當中；同時考量台灣法規管制之可行性，於未來可建構「都市氣候規劃建議圖」，以達到氣候對於都市規劃應用之實質意義，進而提升都市對於氣候之調適性。

Motivated by the increasing temperature in urban environments, this work establish Urban Climatic map (UCmap) focusing on thermal environment issues based on urban development factors, e.g, land cover and building characteristics, representing thermal load of human body, ventilation in the street blocks. In the established process of UCmap in this work, Tainan city, which is a highly developed city in southern Taiwan, is selected as the research area. A 50m-resolution grid is used to capture urban development factors and the climate data based one year of mobile and fix-point measurements, from which the thermal load and the wind environment map are constructed. This work also applies the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification method, which has been widely used in research into urban heat islands and microclimates in recent years, to elucidate the relationship between the urban climate and urban topography. The results herein reveal that a higher urban development level is associated with a higher thermal load, and similar areas are more likely than others to suffer from an extreme thermal load and low wind pass conditions. The conclusions herein suggest that, open and sparse low-rise buildings constitute the most appropriate LCZ for urban built environment in Tainan. Using the UCmap combined with LCZ, the government, urban planners and architects without a meteorological background can efficiently obtain climate information and easily identify hot spots, to make regulations to mitigate the growing problem of thermal stress.

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