本論文主要以化學合成法於玻璃基板上製備氧化鋅奈米柱及其稀磁半導體並研究其光電特性及物理特性，其中可分為四部份：
首先研究水溶液合成法製備之氧化鋅奈米柱於不同退火溫度下其表面結構。對於化學合成的氧化鋅奈米柱，表面的結構缺陷與氧空缺是無法被完全避免的問題。由於二次諧波(second harmonic generation)對於表面結構相當靈敏，其搭配X射線光電子能譜術的量測結果指出，當退火溫度高於600 °C時，表面缺陷就會開始被修補。X射線繞射結果則指出，當對火溫度高於700 °C時，體結構(bulk crystal structure) 便會開始被修復。二次諧振波的量測解析了ZnO奈米柱表面結構重建與退火溫度的關係。
接著報導水熱合成法製備之鈷摻雜和鐵摻雜氧化鋅奈米柱皆擁有室溫鐵磁特性。藉由改變成長溫度與摻雜濃度來尋找同時具備室溫鐵磁特性且良好奈米柱品質的成長條件。於成長溫度80 °C與微量摻雜濃度(1 %)，鈷與鐵離子被確定有置換掉氧化鋅晶格中鋅離子的位置，且沒有任何觀察的到之沉澱現象或其他種結構被發現，氧化鋅還維持著奈米柱的形貌。其不僅展現出本質(intrinsic)室溫鐵磁性，微量摻雜的製備技巧還可改善氧化鋅之結構品質。
再來研究結合微量鈷摻雜技術的水熱合成法製備之高品質氧化鋅奈米柱，此技術可用於免除如退火處理之結構改善法。二次諧波、X射線繞射和光致螢光光譜皆被用於分析氧化鋅奈米柱之體結構。氧化鋅奈米柱擁有高表體比(surface-to-volume ratio)，此導致極大表面電偶極沿著氧化鋅奈米柱之徑向方向分佈。其產生出之極大電場梯度會反映到二次諧波的訊號，因此對比於X射線繞射，二次諧波能提供對於奈米結構和薄膜結構之間更靈敏的區別性。微量鈷摻雜(1 %)的氧化鋅奈米柱擁有比無摻雜還有其他更高摻雜濃度的奈米柱更佳的體結構。
最後報導鈷摻雜和鐵摻雜氧化鋅奈米柱之紫外光檢測器的光電特性。其紫外光對可見光的拒斥比(the ratio of UV-to-visible rejection)約為11700和25000。對於鈷摻雜氧化鋅奈米柱之紫外光檢測器，其暗和光雜訊等效功率(noise equivalent power)為1.3 × 10−13 and 1.8 × 10−11 W。其相對應的暗與光檢測度(detectivity)分別為1.1×1014 and 7.3×1011 cm•Hz0.5•W-1。對比於無摻雜之氧化鋅奈米柱，鈷摻雜之氧化鋅奈米柱擁有較佳的光電特性。

In this dissertation, in order to improve structure quality, the ZnO-based nanorods were fabricated by two processes, including annealing treatment and doping method. Transition-metal-doped (TM-doped) ZnO ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) were also studied. This dissertation is divided into four parts; the first of which investigates the surface quality of ZnO nanorods. The second part discusses the growth of TM-doped ZnO nanorods, and the third part analyzes the effect of doping concentration on the bulk quality of TM-doped ZnO nanorods. The final part discusses TM-doped ZnO UV PDs.
To begin with, the surface quality of ZnO nanorods, which were grown in aqueous solution. After post-annealing, ZnO nanorods were analyzed by second harmonic generation (SHG) with the assistance of photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and the X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. SHG is sensitive to the quality of surface structure and involves the elimination of surface defects and restructuring. Oxygen (O)-deficient and surface defects were generated during the growth of ZnO nanorods. PL and XPS analyses results indicated that the surface defects on the nanorods were reduced at annealing temperatures above 600 °C. The bulk crystal structure was repaired for high activation temperatures (> 700 °C) based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. The SHG results revealed the relationship between surface restructuring of ZnO nanorods and annealing temperature.
Then, room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) was observed in Co-doped ZnO (Co:ZnO) and Fe-doped ZnO (Fe:ZnO) vertically aligned nanorod arrays that were grown via hydrothermal synthesis. The evolution of RTFM properties and nanorod qualities were studied at different growth temperatures and doping concentrations. At the growth temperature of 80 °C, the vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were well-formed; Co or Fe was readily substituted for Zn in the nanorod arrays. The weak RTFM of Co:ZnO and Fe:ZnO nanorod arrays was determined via magnetization measurements. The morphology and quality of the nanorods were examined using structure and composition analysis tools. Co or Fe atoms were readily incorporated into the ZnO lattice without any precipitation or segregation of the secondary phase in vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays. The properties of the nanorods were enhanced at low doping concentrations (1%) at the growth temperature of 80 °C.
Furthermore, high-quality ZnO nanorods that were free from post-annealing treatment were fabricated via low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis by using dilute Co dopants. Detailed analyses on the bulk quality of ZnO nanorods were performed with SHG via XRD and PL. SHG provided a more sensitive differentiation between nanostructures and thin films compared with XRD. The structure of ZnO nanorods shows a high surface-to-volume ratio, which resulted in large surface dipole moments in the radial direction of the nanorods. Moreover, high variations in the gradient of the electrical field were observed around the nanorod structure enhancing the SHG signal. ZnO nanorods with dilute Co-doping concentrations (1%) exhibited a higher bulk crystal quality than pure ZnO nanorods and those with high doping concentrations.
Finally, Co:ZnO and Fe:ZnO nanorod metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) UV PDs were fabricated with respective ratios of UV-to-visible rejection of 11700 and 25000 upon biasing at 1 V with a sharp cutoff at 380 nm. Moreover, the dark and photo noise equivalent power (NEP) of the fabricated Co:ZnO nanorod MSM PDs were 1.3 × 10−13 and 1.8 × 10−11 W at corresponding dark detectivities (D*) and photo D* of 1.1×1014 and 7.3×1011 cm•Hz0.5•W-1, respectively. Co:ZnO nanorod UV PDs exhibited lower dark currents and better flicker noise characteristics compared with ZnO nanorod PDs.

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