本研究採質性研究設計，經過量表篩選與立意取樣找到六名國三男學生進行深度訪談，藉由紮根理論研究法，探討國三男生樂觀傾向與批判性思考能力影響利社會行為之要素，以及國三男生如何解釋自身的利社會行為表現。研究方法採用量表、訪談的方式。
利社會行為是一種有利於他人或團體的表現，也對兒童後續之社會發展有深遠之影響，因此是許多研究者注目的焦點。本研究結果發現：六名國三男生在樂觀傾向影響利社會行為的因素包含學生之自信程度，以及學生學習的意願與動機，在批判性思考能力影響利社會行為的因素包含學生之學業表現以及判斷狀況危險性與正當性的能力。
根據六位國三男生的分享，本研究可歸結出：(1).樂觀傾向與利社會行為有關，訪談的結果能提供輔導工作者一個重要參考，但無法套用在每個學生身上。 (2).批判性思考能力會影響學生的利社會行為表現，學生判斷訊息正確性後，決定是否接受或是拒絕。

The Study of 9th Grade Boy Students' Optimistic Inclination
and Critical Thinking Ability on Prosocial Behavior.

Author: Hsiao-Ting Lai
Advisor: Meng-Shya Rau
National Cheng Kung University Institute of Education

SUMMARY
(1).The students’ optimistic inclination was related to prosocial behavior. The result of the interview could provide a reference for the counselor, but it could not be applied to every student.
(2).The students’ critical thinking ability will affect the students’ prosocial behavior performance. After the judge of the situation, they decided whether to accept or reject it.
According to the findings in the study, we can infer that:
First, family life in every period of the student has irreplaceable importance. Education begins in the family. Parents' educational philosophy and parenting style deeply influence the growth of children. Family education is the foundation of all education. In the process of children's development, it has a unique educational function.
(1) Cultivating a family atmosphere that helps others.
(2) Deep understanding of the correct information.
Second, the campus face:In addition to the family, students have a lot of time in the school environment, school education can cultivate students' personality and correct values, and develop positive forces from the students' internal. It is described as follows.
(1) Teachers' shaping of the values of students
(2) Promoting social behavior
(3) Reflections on teachers
Keywords: optimistic inclination, critical thinking ability, prosocial behavior
INTRODUCTION
This qualitative research used the scale and purposive sampling to select six 9th grade boy students whose stories were shared during interviews regarding grounded theory.The research focused on the factors of 9th grade boy students' optimistic inclination and critical thinking ability on prosocial behavior, and the students’ explanations.
Prosocial behavior is s a kind of performance that is beneficial to others or groups. It also impacted on children’s social development,therefore, many researchers focused on it.
The research found that the factors of six 9th grade students’ optimistic inclination on prosocial behavior include the degree of confidence of the students, the learning motivation of the students. The factors of six 9th grade students’ critical thinking ability on prosocial behavior include students’ academic performance and the ability to judge the danger of situation.
METHODS
This qualitative research used the scale and purposive sampling to select six 9th grade boy students whose stories were shared during interviews regarding grounded theory.The research focused on the factors of 9th grade boy students' optimistic inclination and critical thinking ability on prosocial behavior, and the students’ explanations.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(1).The students’ optimistic inclination was related to prosocial behavior. The result of the interview could provide a reference for the counselor, but it could not be applied to every student.(2).The students’ critical thinking ability will affect the students’ prosocial behavior performance. After the judge of the situation, they decided whether to accept or reject it.

CONCLUSION

According to the findings in the study, we can infer that:
First, family life in every period of the student has irreplaceable importance. Education begins in the family. Parents' educational philosophy and parenting style deeply influence the growth of children. Family education is the foundation of all education. In the process of children's development, it has a unique educational function.
(1) Cultivating a family atmosphere that helps others.
Individuals have accepted the values system of their parents since birth, and the family atmosphere will shape the individual's personality and thought. When an individual perceives that his or her point of view is inconsistent with the values of his family, he is deeply afraid of family opposition and blame. Therefore, even if he is confused, he will still choose his usual position with his family, but it will also cause alienation between himself and his family. Therefore, in the family, if the family can cultivate an open mind and a full expression of opinions, and through the demonstration of the parents, teach the individual the correct help behavior, when the individual faces help or not, they will choose to discuss with the family.
(2) Deep understanding of the correct information.
Most parents share the donation message provided by the school, whether they choose to donate or not, and rarely look at the information with the child, and then analyze the difficulty of money flow and the recipient, and lack the correct knowledge of the information. Encourage parents to know the cultural activities brought back by their children through campus lectures, activities, etc., and pass the correct information to the children.
Second, the campus face:In addition to the family, students have a lot of time in the school environment, school education can cultivate students' personality and correct values, and develop positive forces from the students' internal. It is described as follows.
(1) Teachers' shaping of the values of students
(2) Promoting social behavior
(3) Reflections on teachers

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