奈米結構已經在不同研究領域表現出超越其原本大尺寸結構的優越能力，其中一種奈米表面較有發展性的運用為功能化鍍膜，它具備自我清潔、保護基材表面且不犧牲透明度的能力。本研究中，我們藉由改變基本性質來最佳化鍍膜的表現，從中我們了解到石墨烯透過均勻的化學氣氛電漿處理並沒無法增加石墨烯的疏水性。然而，我們發現疏水性對於表面粗糙度相當敏感而且此種極度粗糙的次微米結構能增加接觸角至145度。
最後，我們介紹一種嶄新的方式來大面積精確製備微觀且複雜的結構，此種方式是利用複雜幾何形狀的電極和溶液中懸浮粒子的介電泳沉積法所達成，結果呈現出能夠強化基材表面特性的可能性。

Nanostructures have demonstrated the ability for superior performance compared to their bulk counterparts for a wide variety of applications. One promising use of nanostructured surfaces is as functional coatings that can self-clean and protect expensive surfaces without compromising the transparency. In this work, we optimized the performance of such coatings by modifying fundamental properties. We demonstrate that the uniform chemical modification of graphene by plasma does not help in increasing the surface’s hydrophobic character. Instead, we find that the hydrophobicity is very sensitive to the surface morphology and a maximization of mesoscale (sub-micron) structures can increase the contact angle to 145°. Finally, we introduce a novel method to precisely produce complex mesoscopic structures on a large scale. This approach is based on the dielectrophoretic deposition of particles using complex electrode geometries and shows the ability to form novel nanoparticles that enhance the surface properties.

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