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研究生： 許世弘
Hsu, Shih-Hung
論文名稱： 台灣花蓮地區地震前兆特性研究
Precursory swarms of moderate-sized earthquakes in eastern Taiwan
指導教授： 饒瑞鈞
Rau, Ruey-Juin
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 地球科學系
Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年： 2009
畢業學年度： 97
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 88
中文關鍵詞： 地震觀測 、地震力學 、地震預測 、地震相互作用
外文關鍵詞： Seismicity and tectonics, Earthquake prediction, Earthquake forecasting, Earthquake interaction, Earthquake source observations, Earthquake dynamics
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    • 突發性孤立地震是發生在有限空間和時間的地震群，主要和彈性應變、流體入侵或無震滑移有關。觀察台灣1991年至2009年間中央氣象局所提供之地震資料，台灣的突發性孤立地震在龜山島區域和花蓮區域有集中現象，可能和火山活動和板塊碰撞擠壓形成的破碎帶所造成。此外，六群花蓮區域的突發性孤立地震在發生後1到48天，在群震中心50公里的範圍內會發生規模大於5.5的中等規模地震，且間隔和群震的累計能量成線性反比關係。經由雙差分重新定位後，發現花蓮區域地震帶呈現北北東走向，且只有發生在特定位置的群震會跟隨中等規模地震。研究顯示如果主斷層上有許多大小相近的Asperity，並且存在由許多子斷層所組成的破碎區塊時，當應力隨時間增加，子斷層會先破裂形成Precursory swarms，隨後Asperity無法承受應力破裂成為主震。群震累積的能量愈大，代表累積的應力愈接近Asperity所能承受之應力，因此，群震累計能量和中等規模地震發生的時間差有反比關係。

    Earthquake bursts are known as many earthquakes striking in limited space and time. Bursts in general are caused by the elastic fault rupture, the influence of fluids or aseismic slip and common in volcanic areas and transform faults. We investigate bursts occurred in Taiwan from January 1991 to March 2009 and find numbers of them occurred in the Turtle Island and Hualien area. Evidence suggested that volcanic activities and plate collision are the major causes. We also find that six of swarms located at the collision corner of eastern Taiwan occurred before moderate-sized (M>5.5) earthquakes with distances less than fifty kilometers. The moderate-sized earthquake in general located on the east of the seismic zone between one and forty-eight days after individual swarm. The accumulated moments of the preceding swarms is inversely related to the time-separation between the swarms and the moderate-sized earthquakes. We suggest that precursory swarms-mainshock sequences found at Hualien area were due to process of stress accumulation and release on a given fault planes that contain several asperities and a number of subfaults. As the stress increases, the subfaults break on short time and cause a precursory swarm. When the tectonic stress increases further, the asperity breaks in the form of the moderate-sized earthquake.

    目錄 中文摘要......................................................................................Ι 英文摘要......................................................................................Π 致謝......................................................................................Ⅲ 目錄......................................................................................Ⅳ 表目錄......................................................................................Ⅶ 圖目錄......................................................................................Ⅶ 第一章 緒論.............................1 1.1 研究背景及動機.............................1 1.2 論文範疇及架構.............................3 第二章 台灣突發性孤立地震活動分布.............................6 2.1 前言.............................6 2.2 研究方法.............................6 2.2.1地震資料之選取.............................7 2.2.2 突發性孤立地震之辨識.............................7 2.2.3 參數之設定.............................8 2.2.4 分類.............................8 2.2.5 重新定位.............................8 2.3 結果.............................9 第三章 台灣花蓮地區地震前兆特性研究.............................21 3.1 前言......................................................................................21 3.2 研究區域地震活動和前人研究............................................21 3.2.1 地質概況.......................................................................21 3.2.2 前震相關研究......................................................21 3.3 研究方法....................................................................22 3.3.1 地震資料之選取............................................................23 3.3.2 地震目錄完整性...................................................23 3.3.3 時間序列....................................................................24 3.3.4 重新定位..........................................................................24 3.3.5 震源機制解..............................................................24 3.3.6 K值................................................................26 3.4 結果......................................................................................27 3.4.1 地震目錄完整性.............................................................27 3.4.2時間序列.......................................................................27 3.4.3雙差分重新定位.............................................................28 3.4.4震源機制解........................................................................29 3.4.5 K值...................................................................29 3.4.6 時間和空間與能量的關聯.......................................29 第四章 討論......................................................................................68 4.1 突發性孤立地震.............................................................68 4.1.1 龜山島區域和花蓮區域..................................................68 4.1.2 低密度區域................................................................69 4.2台灣花蓮地區地震前兆特性..................................................69 4.2.1 前兆群震的成因......................................................69 4.2.2 地震目錄完整性.........................................................70 4.2.3秀林以及和中區域地震群.........................................70 4.2.4較遠距離中等規模地震.........................................71 第五章 結論......................................................................................81 參考文獻 ............................................................................................ 82 附錄A.............................85

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