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研究生: 林慧娟
Bunphichet, Sirion
論文名稱: The Effect of Fear, Country of Origin, and Time on Consumers Evaluation toward Product-Harm Crisis
The Effect of Fear, Country of Origin, and Time on Consumers' Evaluation toward Product-Harm Crisis
指導教授: 吳萬益
Wu, Henry
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 國際經營管理研究所碩士班
Institute of International Management (IIMBA--Master)
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 114
外文關鍵詞: Fear, Country of Origin, Product Harm Crisis, Period of Time, Forgetting
相關次數: 點閱:126下載:1
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  • One of the most recent problems faced by many businesses is product-harm crisis which caused by the reducing quality of material to compete with other companies, change manufacturing to be offshore in some developing countries to cut cost of production, and among other reasons. There are several studies with regard to product-harm crisis management but conversely just have a few studies related to the determinants that drive the crisis is growing more severe. These originated the motivation of this study. This study investigates the different effects of degrees of fear, types of country-of-origin, and period of time on consumers’ response toward the product-harm crisis in term of attitude toward the product, attitude toward the brand, and also behavioral intention. Furthermore, this study examines the relationship among those research construct as well.
    The conceptual framework is developed from previous researches by using 2 (levels of fear: high vs. low) x 2 (types of COO: developed vs. developing country) x 2 (types of period of time: last month vs. last year) are conducted with undergraduate and graduate students in Taiwan. The results present that the harmful product is produced from developed countries and happened last year with low level of fear has a more positive influence upon attitude toward the product, attitude toward the brand, and behavioral intention than the product is produced from developing country and happened last month with high level of fear.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. III TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. IV LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... IX LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... XI CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 1.1 Research Background. ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Motivation. ....................................................................................... 3 1.3 Research Contributions and Objectives. .......................................................... 6 1.4 Research Project and Scope of the Study. ........................................................ 7 1.5 Research Procedure. ......................................................................................... 8 1.6 The Structure of this Study. .............................................................................. 9 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................... 11 2.1 Product Harm Crisis. ...................................................................................... 11 2.2 Protection Motivation Theory. ....................................................................... 12 2.3 Country-of-Origin. ......................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 COO and Consumers’ Decision Making. ............................................ 17 2.3.2 COO and Product Quality. .................................................................. 18 2.3.3 COO and Price Premium/Discount. .................................................... 19 2.4 Theory of Forgetting. ..................................................................................... 20 2.4.1 Decay, also known as Time-Based Forgetting (Hitch, Towse, & Hutton, 2001). ................................................................................................... 20 2.4.2 Interference, also known as Interference-Based Forgetting. .............. 21 2.5 Attitude toward the Product. .......................................................................... 21 2.6 Attitude toward the Brand. ............................................................................. 22 2.7 Behavioral Intention. ...................................................................................... 23 2.8 Relationship among Research Constructs. ..................................................... 24 2.8.1 Main Effect of Fear. ............................................................................. 24 2.8.2 Main Effect of Country-of-Origin. ....................................................... 25 2.8.3 Main Effect of Time. ............................................................................ 26 2.8.4 Interaction Effects of Fear and COO. ................................................. 26 2.8.5 Interaction Effects of Fear and Time. .................................................. 27 2.8.6 Interaction Effects of COO and Time. ................................................. 28 2.8.7 Interrelationship among Attitude toward the Product and Attitude toward the Brand on Behavioral Intention. ......................................... 29 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ...................... 31 3.1 Conceptual Framework of Study. ................................................................... 31 3.2 Research Design. ............................................................................................ 32 3.3 Stimulus Development. .................................................................................. 33 3.3.1 Product Selection. ................................................................................ 34 3.3.2 Fear. ..................................................................................................... 34 3.3.3 Country-of-Origin (COO). .................................................................. 35 3.3.4 Theory of Forgetting. ........................................................................... 35 3.4 Sampling Plan. ............................................................................................... 36 3.5 Manipulation Checks. .................................................................................... 36 3.5.1 The Degrees of Fear. ........................................................................... 36 3.5.2 Country-of-Origin. .............................................................................. 37 3.5.3 Forgetting Theory and Time. ............................................................... 38 3.6 Measures of Dependent Variables. ................................................................. 39 3.6.1 Attitude toward the Product. ................................................................ 39 3.6.2 Attitude toward the Brand. .................................................................. 39 3.6.3 Behavioral Intention. ........................................................................... 40 3.6.4 The Information of Respondents. ......................................................... 41 3.7 Data Analysis Procedure. ............................................................................... 41 3.7.1 Descriptive Statistic Analysis. ............................................................. 41 3.7.2 Factor Analysis. ................................................................................... 42 3.7.3 Reliability Analysis. ............................................................................. 42 3.7.4 Independent Sample t-test. .................................................................. 42 3.7.5 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). .......................................................................................... 43 CHAPTER FOUR DESCRIPTIVE AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS ..................... 44 4.1 Descriptive Analysis. ..................................................................................... 44 4.1.1 Characteristics of Respondents. .......................................................... 44 4.1.2 Measurement Results for Relevant Variables. ..................................... 45 4.2 Factor Analysis and Reliability Tests. ............................................................ 48 4.2.1 Fear. ..................................................................................................... 48 4.2.2 Country-of-Origin. .............................................................................. 49 4.2.3 Attitude toward the Product. ................................................................ 50 4.2.4 Attitude toward the Brand. .................................................................. 50 4.2.5 Purchasing Intention. .......................................................................... 51 4.2.6 Intention to Recommend. ..................................................................... 52 4.2.7 Loyalty. ................................................................................................ 52 4.3 Manipulation Check in Main Study. .............................................................. 53 4.3.1 Manipulation Check on Fear. .............................................................. 53 4.3.2 Manipulation Check on COO. ............................................................. 53 4.3.3 Correlation Matrix for All Variables. .................................................. 54 CHAPTER FIVE RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ................................... 56 5.1 Differences between Factors of Research Construct. .................................... 56 5.1.1 Differences of Dependent Variables under Different Degrees of Fear............................................................................................................... 56 5.1.2 Differences of Dependent Variables under Different Country of Origin............................................................................................................... 58 5.1.3 Differences of Dependent Variables under Different Period of Time. . 59 5.2 Differences of Dependent Variables under Different Degrees of Fear, Type of Country of Origin, and Time. ........................................................................ 61 5.2.1 Interaction Effects of Fear and COO. ................................................. 61 5.2.2 Interaction Effects of Fear and Time. .................................................. 64 5.2.3 Interaction Effects of COO and Time. ................................................. 67 5.3 Interrelationships among Attitude toward the Product and Attitude toward the Brand on Behavioral Intention. ..................................................................... 69 CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ......................................... 72 6.1 Research Conclusions. ................................................................................... 72 6.2 Suggestions. ................................................................................................... 76 6.3 Limitations and Future Research Directions. ................................................. 77 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 78 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................. 90 Appendix 1: Questionnaire for Pre-test (English)................................................ 90 Appendix 2: Scenarios for the Experiment and Main Study (English)................ 93 Appendix 3: Questionnaire for Pre-test (Chinese) ............................................... 97 Appendix 4: Scenarios for the Experiment and Main Study (Chinese) ............. 100 Appendix 5: Questionnaire for Main Study (English version) .......................... 104 Appendix 6: Questionnaire for Main Study (Chinese version/Last month) ...... 108 Appendix 7: Questionnaire for Main Study (Chinese version/Last year) .......... 112

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