簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 楊惠伶
Yang, Hui-Lin
論文名稱: 公司治理、企業社會責任、企業形象與組織承諾關係之研究-以臺灣上市輪船公司為例
An Evaluation of Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Image and Organizational Commitment of Public Listed Shipping Companies in Taiwan
指導教授: 呂錦山
Lu, Chin-Shan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 交通管理科學系
Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 125
中文關鍵詞: 輪船公司公司治理組織承諾企業形象結構方程模式
外文關鍵詞: Shipping Companies, Corporate Governance, Organizational Commitment, Corporate Image, Structural Equation Modeling
相關次數: 點閱:111下載:7
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究目的在探討臺灣地區上市輪船公司「公司治理」、「企業社會責任」、「企業形象」與「組織承諾」間關係之研究,在資料蒐集方面是採用問卷調查方式,應用結構方程模式分析方法以得變數間之關係。經由107位主管階層以上的填答者,研究結果顯示「公司治理」對「組織承諾」及「企業社會責任」皆有正向影響,「企業社會責任」對「企業形象」以及「企業形象」對「組織承諾」也有正向的影響關係。此研究結果可提供給臺灣地區輪船公司執行公司治理與企業社會責任之參考。

    The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, corporate image, and organizational commitment in the maritime transport context. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed. Data collected from questionnaire survey of 107 supervisors or above who are working for 11 public listed shipping companies in Taiwan. Results indicated that corporate governance positively affects corporate social responsibility and organizational commitment, whereas corporate social responsibility has a positive influence on corporate image, corporate image positively affects organizational commitment. Theoretical and practical implications for corporate governance and corporate social responsibility are discussed in this study.

    目錄 I 圖目錄 IV 表目錄 IV 第一章 緒論 1 1.1研究背景與動機 1 1.2研究目的 5 1.3研究範圍與限制 5 1.4研究架構 6 第二章 文獻回顧 8 2.1臺灣上市輪船公司簡介 8 2.1.1輪船公司之定義 8 2.1.2臺灣上市輪船公司現況 9 2.2公司治理 15 2.2.1公司治理之定義 15 2.2.2公司治理之制度設計 17 2.2.3公司治理相關文獻 18 2.3企業社會責任 20 2.3.1企業社會責任之定義 20 2.3.2企業社會責任之衡量構面 21 2.4企業形象 25 2.4.1企業形象之定義 25 2.4.2企業形象之衡量構面 27 2.5組織承諾 30 2.5.1組織承諾之定義 30 2.5.2組織承諾的類型 32 2.6小結 35 第三章 研究方法 36 3.1概念式研究模式與假設 36 3.1.1概念式研究模式 36 3.1.2研究假設 37 3.2研究變項之操作型定義與衡量 40 3.2.1公司治理 40 3.2.2企業社會責任 41 3.2.3企業形象 42 3.2.4組織承諾 43 3.3研究問卷設計 44 3.3.1調查方法 44 3.3.2研究問卷設計流程 44 3.3.3問卷內容 45 3.4資料分析方法與應用 46 3.4.1敘述性統計分析 46 3.4.2因素分析 46 3.4.3信度與效度分析 47 3.4.4變異數分析 47 3.4.5驗證性因素分析 48 3.4.6結構方程模式分析 48 3.5小結 51 第四章 公司治理、企業社會責任、企業形象與組織承諾關係分析結果 52 4.1回收樣本之基本敘述分析 52 4.1.1問卷回收概況 52 4.1.2樣本回收之偏誤檢定(Non-response Bias Test) 53 4.1.3基本資料敘述統計分析 57 4.1.4公司治理、企業社會責任、企業形象與組織承諾敘述統計分析-以臺灣上市輪船公司為例 58 4.2因素分析與信度分析 63 4.2.1公司治理問項因素分析與信度分析 63 4.2.2企業社會責任問項因素分析與信度分析 69 4.2.3企業形象問項因素分析與信度分析 71 4.2.4組織承諾問項因素分析與信度分析 72 4.3樣本特性與因素構面之變異數分析 75 4.3.1填答者所屬公司類型與各因素構面之變異數分析 75 4.3.2填答者服務年資與各因素構面之變異數分析 76 4.3.3填答者不同職稱與各因素構面之變異數分析 78 4.3.4公司員工人數與各因素構面之變異數分析 79 4.3.5公司營業額與各因素構面之變異數分析 80 4.4相關分析 81 4.5驗證性因素分析 83 4.5.1驗證性因素分析評估 84 4.5.2收斂效度分析 85 4.5.3區別效度分析 86 4.6結構方程模式分析結果 87 4.6.1結構方程模式建立 87 4.6.2結構方程模式分析與校估 90 4.6.3結構方程模式假設驗證 93 4.6.4中介效果驗證 95 4.7小結 99 第五章 結論與建議 101 5.1結論 101 5.2建議 104 參考文獻 107 一、中文部分 107 二、英文部分 109 三、網站資料 115 附錄一 正式問卷 116 附錄二 專家訪談 120 圖目錄 圖1- 1研究架構圖 7 圖3- 1概念式研究模式與假設 36 圖3- 2結構方程模式分析流程圖 50 圖4- 1驗證性因素分析初始模式關係 83 圖4- 2 SEM模式關係路徑圖 .88 圖4- 3 SEM最終模式關係驗證結果 91 圖4- 2企業社會責任與組織承諾關係模式 97 圖4- 3置入企業形象後關係模式 97 圖4- 4企業社會責任與組織承諾關係模式 98 圖4- 5置入企業社會責任後關係模式98 表目錄 表2- 1定期航運與不定期航運之差異 8 表2- 2 2011年全球前二十大定期貨櫃船公司運能排名 10 表2- 3臺灣上市散裝業者排名 13 表2- 4公司治理定義彙總表 16 表2- 5企業社會責任定義彙總表 21 表2- 6企業社會責任類型彙總表 25 表2- 7企業形象定義彙總表 27 表2- 8企業形象分類彙總表 30 表2- 9組織承諾定義彙整表 32 表2- 10組織承諾分類彙整表 35 表3- 1公司治理構面與衡量問項 41 表3- 2企業社會責任構面與衡量問項 42 表3- 3企業形象構面與衡量問項 43 表3- 4組織承諾構面與衡量問項 43 表3- 5 SEM各適配指標判斷準則 49 表4- 1問卷回收概況表 52 表4- 2上市輪船公司問卷回收概況表 53 表4- 3公司治理之無回應偏差檢定 54 表4- 4企業社會責任之無回應偏差檢定 55 表4- 5企業形象之無回應偏差檢定 56 表4- 6組織承諾之無回應偏差檢定 56 表4- 7受訪者基本資料統計表 57 表4- 8受訪者對臺灣上市輪船公司之公司治理問項同意性程度 59 表4- 9受訪者對臺灣上市輪船公司之企業社會責任問項同意性程度 61 表4- 10受訪者對臺灣上市輪船公司之企業形象問項同意性程度 62 表4- 11受訪者對臺灣上市輪船公司之組織承諾問項同意性程度 62 表4- 12公司治理問項因素分析 64 表4- 13公司治理因素構面信度分析 67 表4- 14企業社會責任問項因素分析 69 表4- 15企業社會責任因素構面信度分析 71 表4- 16企業形象問項因素分析 71 表4- 17企業形象因素構面信度分析 72 表4- 18組織承諾問項因素分析 73 表4- 19組織承諾因素構面信度分析 74 表4- 20公司類型與各因素構面之ANOVA檢定 76 表4- 21填答者服務年資與各因素構面之ANOVA檢定 77 表4- 22填答者職稱與各因素構面之ANOVA檢定 78 表4- 23公司員工人數與各因素構面之ANOVA檢定 80 表4- 24公司營業額與各因素構面之ANOVA檢定 81 表4- 25公司治理、企業社會責任、企業形象與組織承諾各構面之因素相關分析矩陣82 表4- 26驗證性因素分析(CFA)因素名稱及潛在變數總表 84 表4- 27驗證性因素分析初始模式之適配度指標 85 表4- 28收斂效度結果分析 86 表4- 29各構面間區別效度卡方值檢驗結果 87 表4- 30結構方程模式之各變數名稱定義 89 表4- 31結構方程模式之適配度指標 90 表4- 32 SEM最終模式之係數估計結果 92 表4- 33 SEM最終模式之係數估計結果 93 表4- 34研究假設驗證結果彙總表 95 表4- 35研究變項之相關分析 96

    一、中文部分
    1. 交通部統計處,交通統計要覽,民國99年。
    2. 余民寧,「潛在變項模式SIMPLIS」,出版一刷,臺北:高等教育出版社,民國95年。
    3. 吳萬益,「中美日在臺公司企業文管理風格之關係研究」,成功大學學報,第29卷,人文社會篇,民國83年,頁63-90。
    4. 吳萬益,「企業研究方法」,二版,臺北:華泰書局,民國94年。
    5. 吳萬益,「企業研究方法」,三版,臺北:華泰書局,民國97年
    6. 何淑瑜,「臺灣家茶人監督績效之研究」,國立中正大學財務金融系碩士論文,嘉義市,民國92年。
    7. 林光、張志清,「海運學」,第八版,臺北:航貿文化事業有限公司,民國98年。
    8. 林光、張志清,「航運業經營與管理」,第七版,臺北:航貿文化事業有限公司,民國99年。
    9. 林震岩,「多變量分析:SPSS讀操作與應用」,再版,臺北:智勝文化,民國96年。
    10. 涂秋汝,「定期海運業企業社會責任、企業形象與組織績效之探討」,國立成功大學交通管理科學系碩士論文,臺南市,民國96年。
    11. 張紹勳,「研究方法」,二版,臺中:滄海書局,民國96年。
    12. 陳順宇,「多變量分析」,第四版,臺北:華泰書局,民國94年。
    13. 陳順宇,「結構方程模式Amos操作」,出版一刷,臺北:心理出版社,民國96年。
    14. 陽明海運股份有限公司,「陽明集團2010年年報」,陽明集團,民國99年。
    15. 經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD),「OECD 國際投資暨多國企業宣言與決議:基本條文」,二版,白北:經濟部投資業務處,民國94年。
    16. 葉銀華、李存修、柯承恩,「公司治理與評等系統」,初版,臺北,商智文化事業股份有限公司,民國91年。
    17. 葉銀華,「從台灣上市公司網站資訊揭露看透明度」,會計研究月刊,第200期,7月,民國91年,頁70-77。
    18. 榮泰生,「企業研究方法」,第三版,臺北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司,民國97年。
    19. 臺灣證券交易所,「上市上櫃公司治理實務守則」,臺灣證券交易所股份有限公司與中華民國證券櫃檯買賣中心,民國92年1月公布實施。
    20. 臺灣證券交易所,「上市上櫃公司誠信經營守則」,臺灣證券交易所股份有限公司與中華民國證券櫃檯買賣中心,民國99年9月3日公布實施。
    21. 臺灣證券交易所,「上市上櫃企業社會責任實務守則」,臺灣證券交易所股份有限公司與中華民國證券櫃檯買賣中心,民國99年2月6日公布實施。
    22. 鄭國鴻、吳成豐,公司治理與組織績效-臺灣中小企業之研究,臺灣金融財務季刊,第7卷,第1期,頁1 -27,民國95年。

    二、英文部分
    1. Abor, J., Biekpe, N., 2007. Corporate governance, ownership structure and performance of SMEs in Ghana: Implications for financing opportunities. Corporate Governance 7(3), 288-300.
    2. Alkhafaji, A. F., 1990. Effective boards of directors: An overview. Industrial Management & Data Systems 90(4), 18-26.
    3. Aguilera, R. V., Williams, C. A., Conley, J. M., Rupp, D., 2006. Corporate governance and social responsibility: A comparative analysis of the UK and the US. Corporate Governance 14(3), 147-158.
    4. Allen, N. J., Meyer, J. P., 1996. Affective, continuance, and normative to the organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior 49(3), 252-276.
    5. Angle, H. L., Perry, J. L., 1981. An empirical assessment of organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly 26(1), 1-14.
    6. Arnold, H. J., Feldman, D. C., 1982. A multivariate analysis of the determinants of job turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology 67(3), 350-360.
    7. Arora, P., Dharwadkar, R., 2011. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR): The moderating roles of attainment discrepancy and organization slack. Corporate Governance: An International Review 19(2), 136–152.
    8. Axinn, C. N., Blair, M. E., Heorhiad, A., Thach, S. V., 2004. Comparing ethical ideologies across cultures. Journal of Business Ethics 54(2), 103-119.
    9. Bateman, T. S., Strasser, S., 1984. A longitudinal analysis of the antecedents of organizational commitment. The Academy of Management Journal 27(1), 95-112.
    10. Banaga, A., Ray, G., Tomkins, C., 1995. A conceptual framework for corporate governake and effective management. Corporate Governance: An International Review 3(3), 128–137.
    11. Bayton, J. A., 1959. Researching the corporate image. Public Relation 1(4), 3-8.
    12. Becker, H. S., 1960. Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology 66(1), 32-40.
    13. Belt, J. A., Paolillo G. P., 1982. The Influence of corporate image and specificity of candidate qualifications on response to recruitment advertisement. Journal of Management 8(1), 105-112.
    14. Berthelot, S., Morris, T., Morrill, C., 2010. Corporate governance rating and financial performance: A Canadian study. Corporate Governance 10(5), 635-646.
    15. Bollen, K. A., 1989. Structural Equation with Latent Variables.Wiley, New York.
    16. Bowen, H. R., 1953. Social Responsibility of the Businessman. 1st ed., Harper & Row, New York.
    17. Brammer, S., Millington, A., 2005. Corporate reputation and philanthropy: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Ethics 61(1), 29-44.
    18. Buchanan, B., 1974. Building organizational: The socialization of managers in work organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 19(4), 533-546.
    19. Carroll, A. B., 1979. A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review 4(4), 497-505
    20. Carroll, A. B., 1998. The four faces of corporate citizenship. Business and Society Review 100(1), 1-7.
    21. Committee for Economic Development (CED), 1971. Social Responsibility of Business Corporations. Committees of Economic Development, New York.
    22. Cook, J., Wall, T., 1980. New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment. Journal of Occupational Psychology 53(1), 39-52.
    23. Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia (CLSA), 2010. CG Watch 2010 Corporate Governance in Asia, CLSA, Hong Kong.
    24. Daily, C. M. Dalton, D. R., Cannella, A. A., 2003. Corporate governance: Decades of dialogue and data. The Academy of Management Review 28(3), 371-382.
    25. Davis, K., 1973. The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal 16(2), 312-322.
    26. DeTienne, K. B., Lewis, W., 2005. The pragmatic and ethical barriers to corporate social responsibility disclosure: The Nike case. Journal of Business Ethics 60(4), 359-376.
    27. Dichter, E.,1985. What's in an image. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2(1), 75-81.
    28. Drucker, P. F., 1954. The Practice of Management, Harper & Row, New York.
    29. Eccles, R. G., Newquist, S. C., Schatz, R., 2007. Reputation and Its Risks. Harvard Business Review 6(5), 2-14.
    30. Fombrun, C. J., 2005. Building corporate reputation through CSR initiatives: Evolving standards. Corporate Reputation Review 8(1), 7–11.
    31. Frederick, W. C., 1960.The growing concern over business responsibility. California Management Review 2(4), 54-61.
    32. Freeman, R. E., Reed, D. L., 1983. Stockholders and stakeholders: A new perspective on corporate governance. California Management Review 25(3), 88-106
    33. Friedman, M., 1970. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. The New York Times Magazine, New York, September 13.
    34. Gray, E. R., Balme J. M. T., 1998. Managing corporate image and corporate Reputation. Long Range Planning 31(5), 695-702.
    35. Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., 2006. Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th Ed. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
    36. Harjoto, M. A., Jo, H., 2011. Corporate governance and CSR nexus. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(1) 45-67.
    37. Hardjono, T. W. and van Marrewijk, M., 2001. The social dimensions of business excellence. Corporate Environmental Strategy 8(3), 223-233.
    38. Ho, C., 2005. Corporate governance and corporate competitiveness: An international analysis. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 13(2) 211–253.
    39. Ho, S. S. M., Wong, K. S., 2001. A studyof the relationship between corporate governance structures and the extent of voluntary disclosure. Jounal of International Acounting Auditing & Taxation. 10(2), 139-156.
    40. Holme, R., Watts P., 2000. Corporate Social Responsibility: Making Good Business Sense. World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). U.S.A., 8-10.
    41. Hrebiniak, L. G., Alutto, J. A., 1972. Personal and role-related factors in the development of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly 17(4), 555-573.
    42. Iacobucci, D., Churchill, G. A. Jr., 2010. Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations, 10th Ed.. Sourth Western Cengage Learning, Canada
    43. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2009. Guidance on Social Responsibility, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, 20-67.
    44. Jamali, D., Safieddine, A. M., Rabbath, M., 2008. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility synergies and interrelationships. Corporate Governance 16(5), 443-459.
    45. Jaros, S. J., Jermier, J. M., Koehler, J.W., Sincich T., 1993. Effects of continuance, affective, and moral commitment on the withdrawal process: An evaluation of eight structural equation models. The Academy of Management Journal 36(5), 951-995.
    46. Javalgi, R. G., Traylor, M. B., Gross, A. C., Lampman E., 1994. Awareness of sponsorship and corporate image: An empirical investigation. Journal of Advertising 23(4), 47-58.
    47. Kanter, R. M., 1968. Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanisms in Utopian communities. American Sociological Review 33(4), 499-517.
    48. Keller, K., 1993. Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer based equity. Journal of Marketing 57(1), 1-22.
    49. Keller, K. L., 2000. Building and managing corporate brand equity. Oxford University Press, London, 115-137.
    50. Kennedy, S. H., 1977. Nurturing corporate images. European Journal of Marketing 11(3), 119-164.
    51. Kim, H. R., Lee, M., Lee, H. T., Kim N. M., 2010. Corporate social responsibility and employee–company identification. Journal of Business Ethics 95(4), 557-569.
    52. Kim, N. Y., Miller, G., 2008. Perceptions of the ethical climate in the Korean Tourism industry. Journal of Business Ethics 82(4), 941-954.
    53. Koufopoulos, D. N., Lagoudis, I. N., Theotokas, I. N., Syriopoulos, T. C., 2010. Corporate governance and board practices by Greek shipping management companies. Corporate Governance 6(5), 624-634.
    54. Lambert, D. M., Harrington, T. C., 1990. Measuring nonresponse bias in customer service mail survey. Journal of Business Logistics 11(2), 5-25.
    55. Larcker, D. F., Richardson, S. A., Tuna, I., 2007. Corporate governance, accounting outcomes, and organizational performance. The Accounting Review 82(4), 963-1008.
    56. LeBlanc, G., Nguyen, N., 1996. Cues used by customers evaluating corporate image in service firms: An empirical study in financial institutions. International Journal of Service Industry Management 7(2), 44-56.
    57. MacCallum, R.C. and Hong, S., 1997. Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 193-210.
    58. Marsiglia, E., Falautano, I., 2005. Corporate social responsibility and sustainability challenges for a Bancassurance Company. The Geneva Papers 30, 485–497.
    59. Martineau, P., 1958. Sharper focus for the corporate image. Harvard Business Review 36(6), 49-58.
    60. Mathieu, J. E., Zajac, D. M., 1990. A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin 108(2), 171-194.
    61. McGuire, J. W., 1963. Business And Society. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    62. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S., Wright, P. M., 2006. Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies 43(1), 1-18.
    63. Meyer, J. P., Paunonen, S. V., Gellatly, I. R., Goffin, R. D., Jackson, D. N.,1989. Organizational commitment and job performance. It's the nature of the commitment that Counts. Journal of Applied Psychology 74(1), 152-156.
    64. Minor, D., Morgan, J., 2011. CSR as reputation insurance: Primum non nocere. California Management Review 53(3), 1-30.
    65. Mowday, R. T., Richard M.S., Lyman W. P., 1979. The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior 14(2), 224-247.
    66. Nunnally, J. C., 1978, Psychometric Theory, NY: McGraw-Hill, New York.
    67. O’Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., 1986. Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology 71(3), 492-499.
    68. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2004. Principles of Corporate Governance. OECD, New York.
    69. Pergola, T. M., Joseph, G. W., 2011. Corporate governance and board equity ownership. Corporate Governance 11(2), 200-213.
    70. Pitelis, C. N., 2004. (Corporate) governance, (shareholder) value and (sustainable) economic performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review 12(2), 210-223.
    71. Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., Boulian, P. V., 1974. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology 59(5), 603-609.
    72. Quazi, A., O’Brien, D. M., 2000. An empirical test of a cross-national model of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 25(1), 33–51.
    73. Riordan, C. M. , Gatewood R. D. , Bill J. B., 1997. Corporate image:Employee reaction and implication for managing corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics 16(4), 401-412.
    74. Rupp, D. E., Ganapathi, J., Aguilera, R. V., Williams, C. A., 2006. Employee reactions to corporate social responsibility: An organizational justice framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior 27(4), 537-543.
    75. Sethi, S. P., 1975. Dimensions of corporate social performance: An analytical framework. California Management Review 17(3), 58-64.
    76. Shahin, A., Zairi, M., 2007. Corporate governance as a critical element for driving excellence in corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management 24(7), 753-770.
    77. Shleifer, A., Vishny, R.W., 1997. A Survey of Corporate Governance. The Journal of Finance 52(2), 737-783.
    78. Spector, A. J., 1961. Basic dimensions of the corporate image. The Journal of Marketing 25(6), 47-51
    79. Standard & Poor’s Governance Services, 2002. Standard and Poor’s Corporate Governance Scores: Criteria, Methodology and Definition. Standard & Poor’s Governance Services, New York.
    80. Syriopoulos, T., Tsatsaronis, M., 2011. The corporate governance model of the shipping firms: Financial performance implications. Maritime Policy & Management 38(6), 585-604.
    81. Turban, D. B., Greening, D. W., 1996. Corporate social performance and organizational attractiveness to perspective employees. The Academy of Management Journal 40(3), 658-672.
    82. Turnbull, S. 1997. Corporate governance: Its scope, concerns and theories. Corporate Governance 5(4), 180-205.
    83. Walter, C. G., Paul, G. W., 1970. Consumer Behavior: An Integrated Framework. Homewood, III:Richard D. Irwin, Inc. 449-453.
    84. Wisner, J. D., 2003. A structural equation model of supply chain management strategies and firm performance. Journal of Business Logistics 24(1), 1-26.
    85. World Bank, 1999, Corporate Governance: A Framework for Implementation. World Bank, Washington D. C.
    86. Wright, P. M., Kehoe, R. R., 2007. Human resource practices and organizational commitment: A deeper examination. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 46(1), 6-20.

    三、網站資料
    1. BRS-Alphaliner網站:
    http://www.alphaliner.com/top100。

    2. 中華公司治理協會:
    http://www.cga.org.tw/main/f_1_01_company_govern.aspx。2012年2月23日

    3. 臺灣證券交易所公開資訊觀測站:
    http://mops.twse.com.tw/mops/web/index

    4. 四維航運網站:
    http://www.swnav.com.tw/。

    5. 長榮海運網站:
    http://www.evergreen-marine.com/tw/。

    6. 時報周刊:
    http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2008/new/feb/17/today-life5.htm.。2008年3月4日
    7. 陽明海運網站:
    http://www.yml.com.tw/chinese_version/index.asp。

    8. 萬海航運網站:
    http://web.wanhai.com.tw/index_whl.jsp?web=whltw&file_num=17921&i_url=whltw/home.jsp。

    9. 裕民航運網站:
    http://www.uming.com.tw/。

    10. 慧洋海運網站:
    http://www.wisdomlines.com.tw/php/home.php。

    下載圖示 校內:2013-08-20公開
    校外:2014-08-20公開
    QR CODE