中 文 摘 要
設計領域的問題解決(problem solving)重視想法概念化的導向，思考具體的解決方式，以作為後續產品開發之概念構想。設計師往往會依其過往經驗與創意思考，作為發想概念以解決問題。然而，截至目前為止，在問題界定到解法發想的設計過程中仍有鴻溝，而設計問題與設計解法之間仍有斷層。因此，如何協助設計者從問題產生解法是值得探討的議題。
本研究可區分為六階段。第一階段為藉由觀察與訪談，發現幼兒在不同場域的問題，以蒐集幼兒相關之設計問題。第二階段為運用分類相關之設計方法，將問題依屬性作分類。第三階段為訂定準則並參考本研究之問題分類結果，以篩選出重要性問題。第四階段為依據問題樣本，蒐集現有市面產品與父母親的解決方式。第五階段為參考TRIZ的創新原則，推演問題與解法之間的關係，以提出問題解決途徑。第六階段為邀請主修工業設計系的學生運用本研究提出的問題解決途徑在設計發想的過程。驗證問題解決途徑之效用，並探討問題、途徑與解法之間的對應關係。
本研究根據上述結果，提出十一項問題解決途徑分別為：「使其模組化」、「改變局部」、「合併」、「預先緩衝」、「事先預防」、「可調整/改變」、「滿足其能力與喜好」、「導入隔絕物/中介物」、「移除/修改造成問題的部分」、「減少敏感/ 增強抗害」與「限制問題的發生」，供設計學習者能針對設計問題，運用適當的途徑發想設計解法。

ABSTRACT
Problem solving in Industrial Design is focused on the realization of ideas. In the end, the ideas are applied as practical design solutions for product development. Designers generate ideas to solve problems based on their past experiences and creative thinking. However, there has been a gap between problem identification and solution generation within the design process. Thus, it is reasonable to study how designers find solutions.
In addition, there are six phases in this study. In the first phase, design problems related to toddlers in diverse scenarios are collected through observation and interviews. In the second phase, design problems are classified according to attributes by Card Sorting and the KJ method. In the third phase, important design problems are selected based on evaluation criteria and problem classification. In the fourth phase, solutions from both existing products and parents are collected according to problem samples. The fifth phase proposes the problem-solving approaches by exploration of the relationship between design problems and solutions referring TRIZ inventive principles. In the final phase, university students were involved in the verification as participants to use the problem-solving approaches in the design process in order to discuss the correspondence among problems, approaches and solutions.
Based on the results, eleven problem-solving approaches were proposed in this study and designated as follows: “Making it modular”, “Changing Parts of it”, “Merging”, “Pre-buffering”, “Advancing Prevention”, “Making it Adjustable or Changeable”, “Meeting User Preferences and Ability”, “Importing Isolated Objects or Mediators”, “Removing or Modifying Parts Causing Problems”, “Reducing Sensitivity or Enhancing Anti-harm”, and “Limiting Problems Occurring”. Consequently, design novices can use the approaches to generate solutions according to specific design problems.

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