植物是一種固著性的生物，因此面對環境中持續不斷的生物性或非生物性刺激 時，必須迅速的啟動相關機制去應對。其中，氣孔是植物進行光合作用以及促進水 分運輸的重要通道，而微生物病原菌也藉由氣孔作為入侵的管道，進而感染植物， 為了防止病原菌的入侵，植物利用模式辨識受體 (PRR) 來感知具保守性的微生物分 子表徵，並且展開一系列的防禦反應，引發模式誘導免疫反應 (PTI)，關閉氣孔以減 緩病原菌入侵的速度 先前的研究顯示活性氧化物 (ROS) 和氧化氮 (NO) 的累積以及 鈣離子和植物賀爾蒙參與在植物的氣孔免疫中。在本研究中，我們想探討由細菌揮 發性氣味 (bVOCs) 所誘導植物氣孔免疫反應。從實驗結果發現 Enterobacter aerogenes會抑制阿拉伯芥與圓葉菸草的生長、造成活性氧化物 (ROS) 的累積以及胞 內鹼化反應，誘發氣孔關閉 我利用T-DNA插入的阿拉伯芥突變株和病毒誘導基因 靜默的VIGS圓葉菸草來了解其分子機制，發現由細菌氣味誘導的ROS累積以及胞內 鹼化反應造成氣孔關閉是透過ABA生合成路徑和MAPK訊息傳遞調控，促使植物產 生防禦反應，並且誘發植株的先天性免疫訊息傳遞途徑，藉此抵抗細菌揮發性氣味 的衝擊。在菸草中我們也發現NbMKK1參與在此細菌誘導的氣孔免疫中。由實驗結 果可知由細菌氣味誘導的ROS累積以及胞內鹼化反應會造成氣孔關閉，且其分子機 制是透過ABA生合成路徑和MAPK訊息傳遞所調控。

As sessile organisms, plants have developed sensitive, fast, and effective ways to contend with environmental changes. And stomata have been shown to play an important role to regulate plant gas exchange and transpiration. Being pores, stomata constitute a natural entry site for potentially harmful microbes. To prevent microbial invasion, stomata close upon perception of pattern recognition receptors (PRR). The signaling pathways leading to stomatal closure triggered by PAMP triggered immunity (PTI) employ several common components, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), calcium, kinases, and hormones. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanism of stomatal immunity triggered by bacterial volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) emitted from Enterobacter aerogenes. I found that the growth is inhibited in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, I used the T-DNA insert mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique in tobacco to investigate the molecular mechanism of stomatal immunity triggered by bVOCs. The results indicated that ROS accumulation and cytosolic alkalization induced by bVOCs cause stomatal closures in Arabidopsis. NbMKK1 involved in the defense response that mediated the stomatal closure in tobacco. Thus, I suggested that the bVOCs can trigger the ROS accumulation and cytosolic alkalization mediated by MAPK- and ABA-dependent stomatal immunity.

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