none

　　In a 3-tier architecture that is executed in the mobile networks environment, because of the mobility of mobile clients, the transmission performance between the mobile clients and the corresponding proxies can not be guaranteed all the time. Thereforethe, when the mobile client is moving away the old proxy and is approaching some new proxies, client’s service session must be handoffed to the selected new proxy. In this thesis, a 3-tier MobileMPEG-4 Streaming System, called MMSS, is proposed to solve the proxy handoff problem and the correspinding wireless transmission in the mobile networks environment. Based on the scalable MPEG-4 streaming, a video forwardingmechanismis adopted inMMSS to analyze whether the old proxy needs to forward video frames to the selected new proxy or not. If the forwarding procedure is needed, the proposed layered video forwarding mechanism will forward the video frames according to the priority of each layer in order to keep the presentation quality. To deal with the unpredictable wireless networking condition, a acket transmission method is devised to re-organize video frames into frame trunks. In order to decrease the packet loss rate, if a frame trunk is too large, it would be fragmented into several packets. If a frame trunk is too small, it would be padded with blank bytes and forms one packet. Some experiments are designed to verify the proposed two schemes. Experimental results are analyzed in the thesis. Finally, conclusion remarks and future works are given.

[1] “The TCP/UDP Bandwidth Measurement Tools.”[Online]. Available: http://dast.nlanr.net/Projects/Iperf/
[2] H. Balakrishnan and S. Seshan, “The Congestion Manager,” IETF draft, 2001.
[3] R. O. Baldwin, N. J. Davis, S. E. Midkif, and R. A. Raines, “Architecture of a quality based intelligent proxy (QBIX) for MPEG-4 videos.” ACM Press, 2003, pp. 394–402.
[4] R. O. Baldwin, N. J. Davis, IV, S. F. Midkiff, and R. A. Raines, “Packetized voice transmission using RT-MAC, a wireless real-time medium access control protocol,” ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, VOL. 5, NO. 3, pp. 11–25,
2001.
[5] J. Cai and C. W. Chen, “Video streaming: an FEC-based novel approach,” Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, VOL. 1, pp. 613–618, May 2001.
[6] H. Chaskar, “Requirements of a QoS Solution for Mobile IP,” RFC 3583, 2001.
[7] N. Feamster and H. Balakrishnan, “Packet Loss Recovery for Streaming Video,” 12th International Packet Video Workshop, 2002.
[8] S. Floyd, “Congestion Control Principles,” RFC 2914, 2000.
[9] S. Hadjiefthymiades, V. Matthaiou, and L. Merakos, “Supporting the WWW in wireless communications through mobile agents,” Mobile Networks and Applications, VOL. 7, NO. 4, pp. 305–313, 2002.
[10] S. Hadjiefthymiades and L. Merakos, “Using proxy cache relocation to accelerate Web browsing in wireless/mobile communications.” ACM Press, 2001, pp. 26–35.
[11] P. Ikkurthy and M. A. Labrador, “Characterization of MPEG-4 Traffic over IEEE 802.11bWireless LANs,” Proceedings of the 27th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, pp. 421–427, Nov. 2002.
[12] Z. Jiang, K. K. Leung, B.-J. J. Kim, and P. Henry, “Seamless mobility management based on proxy servers,” IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), VOL. 2, pp. 563–568, 2002.
[13] K. Kim, H. Lee, and K. Chung, “A distributed proxy server systemfor wirelessmobileweb service,” Proceedings of the 15th International cnference on Information Networking, pp. 749–754, 2001.
[14] D.-H. Nam and S.-K. Park, “Adaptive multimedia stream service with intelligent proxy,” Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Information Networking, pp. 291–296, Feb. 2001.
[15] F. Peng and J. Ma, “A proposal to apply ECN into Wireless and Mobile Networks,” IETF draft, 2001.
[16] J.-Y. Pyun, J.-H. Jung, J.-J. Shim, S.-J. Ko, and S.-H. Park, “Packet Loss Resilience for MPEG-4 Video Stream over the Internet,” ICCE International Conference on Consumer Electronics.
[17] R. Rejaie and J. Kangasharju, “Mocha: a quality adaptive multimedia proxy cache for internet streaming.” ACM Press, 2001, pp. 3–10.
[18] R. Rejaie, H. Yu, M. Handely, and D. Estrin, “Multimedia Proxy Caching Mechanism for Quality Adaptive Streaming Applications in the Internet,” Proceedings of Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, VOL. 2, pp. 980–989, 2000.
[19] M. Sagfors, R. Ludwig, M. Meyer, and J. Peisa, “Buffer management for rate-varying 3G wireless links supporting TCP traffic,” The 57th IEEE Semiannual Conference on Vehicular Technology.
[20] W.-T. Tan and A. Zakhor, “Video multicast using layered FEC and scalable compression,”VOL. 11, NO. 3, pp. 373–386, 2001.
[21] M. M. B. Tariq and A. Takeshita, “Management of cacheable streaming multimedia content in networks with mobile nodes,” IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), VOL. 3, pp. 2245–2249, 2002.
[22] S. Tasaka, T. Nunome, and Y. Ishibashi.
[23] X. Wang and H. Schulzrinne, “Comparison of Adaptive Internet Multimedia Applications,” Processing of IEICE Transaction on Controlling Telecommunications Systems.
[24] L. Westberg and M. Lindqvist, “Realtime Traffic over Cellular Access Networks,” IETF draft.
[25] J. Widmer, R. Denda, and M. Mauve, “A Survey on TCPFriendly Congestion Control,”IEEE Network, VOL. 15, pp. 28–37, 2001.
[26] F. Yu, Q. Zhang, W. Zhu, and Y.-Q. Zhang, “QoS-Adaptive Proxy Caching for Multimedia Streaming over the Internet,” IEEE Transaction on Circuit and System for Video Technology, VOL. 13, NO. 3, 2001.
[27] J. Yuen, K.-Y. Lam, and E. Chan, “Adaptive buffer sensitive scheduling for transmitting video streams in a mobile multimedia system,” pp. 125–126, 2001.